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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of euglucaemic hyperinsulinaemia on forearm blood flow and glucose uptake in the human forearm (1998)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 35 (1998), S. 203-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Key words Glucose ; Insulin ; Hyperinsulinaemia ; Blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Insulin-mediated stimulation of blood flow to skeletal muscle has been proposed to be of major importance for insulin-mediated glucose uptake. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative importance of blood flow and glucose extraction as determinants of insulin-mediated glucose uptake in the human forearm. Forearm blood flow (FBF), glucose extraction and oxygen consumption were evaluated for 100 min during the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp (92 mU/l) in nine healthy subjects. FBF was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Forearm glucose uptake increased sevenfold during the hyperinsulinaemia (P〈0.001). Forearm glucose extraction showed a minor increase during the first 10 min of hyperinsulinaemia, but the most marked increase took place between 10 and 20 min (+170%). Thereafter, only a minor further increase was seen. During the first 10 min of hyperinsulinaemia FBF was unchanged. Thereafter, FBF increased steadily to a plateau reached after 60 min (+50%, P〈0.001). A close relationship between whole body glucose uptake and FBF was seen at the end of the clamp (r = 0.75, P〈0.02), but at this time the relationship between whole body glucose uptake and forearm glucose extraction was not significant. The modest increase in O2 consumption seen at the beginning of the clamp (+19%) was not related to FBF during the early phase of the clamp. In conclusion, the early course of insulin-mediated glucose uptake in the human forearm was mainly due to an increase in glucose extraction. However, with time the insulin-mediated increase in blood flow increased in importance and after 100 min of hyperinsulinaemia FBF was the major determinant of glucose uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005920050132
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accelerated gastric emptying during hypoglycaemia is not associated with changes in plasma motilin levels (1997)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 34 (1997), S. 194-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Key words Hypoglycaemia ; Gastric emptying ; Atropine ; Motilin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study examined whether or not changes in plasma concentrations of motilin and other gastrointestinal hormones known to affect gastric motility are associated with the accelerated gastric emptying seen during hypoglyc-aemia. While studying gastric emptying by scintigraphy in eight healthy subjects, the plasma concentrations of glucagon, adrenaline, motilin, gastrin, neuropeptide Y and somatostatin were measured during normoglycaemia and hypoglycaemia with simultaneous infusion of either atropine or saline. Blood glucose concentrations were checked by an insulin-glucose clamp. The plasma levels of glucagon and adrenaline increased markedly during both hypoglycaemic examinations compared with normoglycaemia. Neither motilin nor any of the other hormones displayed considerable changes during hypoglycaemia with and without atropine compared with normoglycaemia. No further information about the mechanisms behind the accelerated gastric emptying rate during hypoglycaemia was obtained by analysing motilin and the other gastrointestinal hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005920050073
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MUREX: a land-surface field experiment to study the annual cycle of the energy and water budgets (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 838-854 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Hydrology (evapotranspiration; soil moisture; water-energy interactions)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The MUREX (monitoring the usable soil reservoir experimentally) experiment was designed to provide continuous time series of field data over a long period, in order to improve and validate the Soil-vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) parameterisations employed in meteorological models. Intensive measurements were performed for more than three years over fallow farmland in southwestern France. To capture the main processes controlling land-atmosphere exchanges, the local climate was fully characterised, and surface water and energy fluxes, vegetation biomass, soil moisture profiles, surface soil moisture and surface and soil temperature were monitored. Additional physiological measurements were carried out during selected periods to describe the biological control of the fluxes. The MUREX data of 1995, 1996, and 1997 are presented. Four SVAT models are applied to the annual cycle of 1995. In general, they succeed in simulating the main features of the fallow functioning, although some shortcomings are revealed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-0838-2
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Angiotensin II and the endocrine pancreas: effects on islet blood flow and insulin secretion in rats (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 127-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Renin-angiotensin system ; ACE inhibitor ; angiotensin II ; pancreatic islets ; insulin release ; islet microcirculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An intrinsic angiotensin system has been described in the pancreas, with angiotensin II specific receptors being present on both exocrine, endocrine and vascular cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of angiotensin II on insulin secretion and blood flow regulation in the pancreas. Blood flows were determined with a microsphere technique. Infusion of angiotensin II induced a dose-dependent reduction in both whole pancreatic and islet blood flow, which was most pronounced in the former. Administration of enalaprilate, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, and saralasin, a non-selective angiotensin II receptor antagonist, preferentially increased islet blood flow. The effects of angiotensin II on insulin release were examined by measuring insulin concentrations in the effluents from isolated perfused pancreata. In these preparations, enalaprilate affected neither basal nor glucose-stimulated insulin release, whereas angiotensin II delayed the first phase of insulin release in response to glucose. The effect of angiotensin II was probably due to initial marked vasoconstriction. The retardation of insulin release could be avoided by adding angiotensin II to the perfusion medium 20 min before glucose administration, i. e. so that the vasoconstriction had disappeared when glucose-stimulation began. The present study suggests that the angiotensin-system is important in regulation of islet blood flow and points to a pivotal role of islet blood perfusion for an adequate insulin release. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 127–133]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050880
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between diastolic hypertension and myocardial morphology and function in elderly males with diabetes mellitus (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 1603-1606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Non-insulin diabetes mellitus ; hypertension ; M-mode echocardiography ; heart function.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The existence of a distinct diabetic cardiomyopathy, characterized by a raised left ventricular mass, has previously been suggested. However, as diabetes mellitus is associated with both left ventricular hypertrophy and hypertension a confounding effect of raised blood pressure in diabetic patients has to be considered. In the present cross-sectional study an echocardiographical examination was performed as part of a health screening survey in 582 males, aged 70 years. After the exclusion of subjects with coronary heart disease or those on regular antihypertensive treatment, 30 normotensive subjects with diabetes were compared with 10 subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) and a diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or more and 203 normotensive control subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Both groups with NIDDM showed a significantly increased left atrial diameter (4.4 ± 0.7 vs 4.0 ± 0.5 cm, p 〈 0.05) and an increased atrial component in diastole (A-wave, p 〈 0.01) compared to the control subjects. Left ventricular mass was, however, only marginally and not significantly elevated in the diabetic subjects when compared to the healthy control subjects (133 ± 19 and 133 ± 28 vs 128 ± 25 g/m2). Only in the subjects with concomitant diabetes and a raised blood pressure was the intraventricular septum significantly enlarged (p 〈 0.05). Thus, in the present sample no distinct diabetic cardiomyopathy with an increased left ventricular mass, independent of the influence of hypertension could be detected. The myocardial alterations in these diabetic males were restricted to an increased left atrial size and an impaired diastolic function. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 1603–1606]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050621
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Well-being and treatment satisfaction in adults with diabetes: A Swedish population-based study (1995)
    Springer
    Quality of life research 4 (1995), S. 515-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2649
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; outcomes ; quality of life ; reliabllity ; sex factors ; validity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to implement the St Vincent Declaration programme, instruments for quality assurance of medical outcomes as well as measures of psychological outcomes of diabetes care had to be developed. This paper presents baseline values for three questionnaires measuring psychological Wellbeing, Treatment Statisfaction and General Health among a representative sample of adult people with diabetes in Sweden consisting of 423 individuals of which 153 were insulin treated and 270 were diet/tablet-treated. Cronbach's α indicated that each of the Well-being and Treatment Satisfaction subscales was internally reliable, alphas ranging from 0.66–0.88. Factor analysis resulted in identification of five subscales (depression, anxiety, positive well-being, treatment satisfaction and metabolic control). There was no relation between any of the quality of life subscales with HbA1c, BMI, duration of diabetes, frequency of blood glucose tests per day, insulin regimens or diabetic complications. Females reported a more negative impact of diabetes on daily life compared with males (p〈0.001). In conclusion, the Well-being and Treatment Satisfaction scales are reliable for quality assurance purposes in diabetes while the briefer general health instrument provides a useful assessment of the global impact of a chronic disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00634746
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