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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic effects of ion mobility in semiconductors: Mixed electronic–ionic behavior and device creation in Si:Li (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 2749-2762 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Micrometer-sized homojunction structures can be formed by applying strong electric pulses, at ambient temperatures, to Li-doped, floating zone n-Si. Two such junctions, arranged back to back, act as a transistor, as evidenced by electron-beam-induced current and current–voltage measurements. The structures are created during a time ranging from ∼100 ms to a few seconds, depending on the size of the structure. The phenomenon is similar to what was observed earlier in CuInSe2 and was explained there by thermally assisted electromigration of Cu. In the case of Si doped with Li we can use secondary-ion-mass spectrometry to detect the redistribution of Li after electric-field application. Such a redistribution is indeed found and corresponds to an n+-p-n structure with the p region extending at least ∼20 μm into the bulk of Si. Structures created in Si doped with Li in this way are stable for at least 13 months after their creation. We ascribe this to the large difference between Li diffusivity at the local temperature that is reached during structure formation (∼400 °C; 10−8 cm2/s) and at room temperature (∼10−15 cm2/s). © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363132
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anisotropic nanoindentation of transcrystalline polypropylene by scanning force microscope using blade-like tips (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2966-2968 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A scanning force microscope was fitted with an elongated, blade-like tip, with which nanoindentations were performed in the transcrystalline isotactic polypropylene phase grown from the surface of high-modulus carbon fibers. The anisotropic Young's modulus was evaluated by measuring the force–penetration curve of the indentation and the tip topography, as a function of the indentation depth. The modulus is 1.6–3 times higher when the longer axis of the indenting tip is perpendicular to the transcrystalline growth direction than when it is parallel to that direction. We discuss possible options for the lamellar arrangement in a transcrystalline isotactic polypropylene layer and, based on the present experimental data, propose a most likely model. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123981
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of sub-μm bipolar transistor structures by scanning probe microscopy (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 1868-1870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We show how sub-μm sized transistor structures (down to 50 nm cross section) can be fabricated by thermally assisted electromigration of mobile dopants inside the semiconductor CuInSe2. Small device structures are fabricated by application of an electric field to the sample via the contact, defined by a conducting atomic force microscope tip. The structures are characterized by nm scale scanning spreading resistance and scanning capacitance measurements to reveal the inhomogeneous doping profiles created by the electric field. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122309
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of symptomatic nonachalasia esophageal motor disorders with botulinum toxin injection at the lower esophageal sphincter (1996)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 41 (1996), S. 2025-2031 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: diffuse esophageal spasm ; nonspecific esophageal motility disorders ; botulinum toxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if botulinum toxin injection at the lower esophageal sphincter improves symptoms in patients with nonachalasia spastic esophageal motility disorders. Fifteen patients with nonachalasia spastic esophageal motility disorders (diffuse esophageal spasm, nonspecific esophageal motility disorders, and lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction) unresponsive to medical therapy underwent endoscopic injection of botulinum toxin at the level of the gastroesophageal junction. Symptoms were scored (0=no symptoms, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe and 4=very severe) before treatment, at seven days and every 30 days after treatment. There was significant improvement in chest pain, dysphagia, and regurgitation at 7, 30, 60 and 90 days after treatment. At one month after treatment, 11 of 15 (73%) patients had a good or excellent response to treatment. At the last patient interview (mean follow-up of 10.6 months), five (33%) patients continued to have a good to excellent response, whereas 10 (67%) underwent subsequent treatment with repeat botulinum toxin, pneumatic dilation, or bougienage. We conclude that botulinum toxin injection at the gastroesophageal junction leads to significant symptom improvement in patients with nonachalasia esophageal motility disorders. These results suggest that botulinum toxin may be an effective treatment option in some of these patients not responsive to conventional medical therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02093606
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