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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 9 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: A river-corridor survey (RCS), routinely undertaken on behalf of the National Rivers Authority (NRA), provides a consistent national approach to gathering and recording environmental information on 500-m stretches of river corridor. The development of RCS is reviewed and the methodology which is currently applied within the NRA is described. A research programme, sponsored by the NRA, to develop scientifically-valid methods for extracting quantitative information from RCS maps is outlined. The methodology allows for spatial distortions and operator variance in mapping the 500-m stretches. It is based on an abundance scale and therefore provides data which can be quantitatively combined and analysed (a) to highlight different properties of the river corridor and (b) to summarize those properties over different corridor lengths. The results of an example application of these methods of information extraction to a 14.5-km length of river corridor are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-9508
    Keywords: atmospheric Čerenkov technique ; cloud detection ; gamma ray astronomy ; gamma ray telescopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A technique for detecting the presence of cloud in the field of view of an atmospheric Čerenkov telescope using a mid infra red radiometer is described. Models for the radiative emission from clear and cloudy skies are tested and found to represent the measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Wound-induced changes ; Feeding behaviour ; Spodoptera littoralis ; Tomato
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Several studies have shown changes in the patterns of damage from feeding insects associated with changes in palatability and overall consumption as a result of wound-induced chemical changes in plants. This paper describes how the pattern of feeding damage made by the larvae of Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on tomato is affected by changes in palatability of the leaves. Two sorts of responses to leaves from plants that had received prior damage were observed. Larvae offered a choice of leaves tended to take fewer meals on leaves from previously-wounded plants than on control leaves, frequently rejecting the former after sampling them. On wounded plants this rejection behaviour was associated with a shift in feeding site towards the base of the plant. However, starved larvae offered only a single excised leaf readily ate leaves from wounded plants but took shorter meals on these leaves than on controls. Although it was not directly tested it is possible that this difference in response reflected changes in food selectivity with a differing level of satiation. The results are considered in relation to the adaptive significance of the plant of changes in within-plant distributions of herbivore damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 106 (1996), S. 240-246 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Diversity ; Grazing ; Molluscicide ; Regeneration ; Seed bank
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two experiments conducted in spring and autumn 1992 examined the effect of mollusc grazing on seedling regeneration from natural grassland seedbanks by creating artificial gaps in plots in a grassland sward. Molluscs were excluded from half the gaps by application of molluscicide. Mollusc grazing in both the spring and autumn experiment significantly reduced seedling recruitment, though the intensity of grazing was greatest in autumn. Recruitment of five species was markedly influenced by molluscicide application. In spring, plots from which molluscs were excluded contained significantly more seedlings of Chenopodium polyspermum and Ranunculus acris. In the autumn, exclusion of molluscs resulted in increased populations of R. acris, Stellaria graminea and Rumex acetosa. Cerastium holosteoides populations were greatest in autumn grazed plots. Other species, notably the grasses Holcus lanatus and Agrostis capillaris and the legume Trifolium repens were unaffected by molluscicide application. Species diversity was significantly decreased by molluscicide application in the autumn. Gap size significantly affected the recruitment of two species. Ranunculus acris populations were significantly higher in small gaps in both spring and summer, while Chenopodium recruitment in the spring was greater in small gaps. Gap size also significantly influenced the risk of mollusc attack on Ranunculus as molluscs appeared to show an aggregative feeding response in the high seedling density small gaps. Selective grazing of vulnerable seedlings by molluscs may influence the eventual relative proportions of the species present and so provide a potent mechanism in shaping community composition in grasslands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 21 (1996), S. 59-63 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A well-characterized shaped charge was used to study the influence of asymmetrical initiation on the jet. An experimental study yielded flash radiographs of the jets from charges fired with the initiation point offset 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm, respectively, from the central axis. The axial and lateral velocities of the jet particles were determined from the sets of radiographs. In a previous paper it was hypothesized that a simple relationship might exist between the departure vectors of the jet particles and the geometry of the impingement of the detonation front on the liner. Any part of the jet from an asymmetrically initiated shaped charge departs at an angle determined by the difference between the current angle between the actual detonation wave where it contacts the liner, and that which would have arisen had the initiation been perfectly axial. We set up a simple computer code which evaluates, for any given initiation offset distance, the instantaneous angles between the detonation front and the successive elements of the liner which are encountered as the wave sweeps along it. Since it is possible to map particle velocities in the jet on to those regions of the liner where they originated, simulated sets of axial and lateral jet velocities were readily generated. Agreement between theory and experiment is sufficiently close to suggest that our approximation is useful and can assist in understanding the jet dynamics of asymmetrically initiated shaped charges.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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