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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetrically cut crystals as optical elements for highly collimated x-ray beams : Proceedings of the 5th international conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1506-1509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Asymmetrically cut perfect crystals, in both the Laue and Bragg geometries, are examined as single crystal monochromators for x-ray beams that are collimated to a small fraction of the Darwin width, as is typical in experiments with coherent x rays. Both the Laue and asymmetric Bragg geometries are plagued by an inherent chromatic aberration that increases the beam divergence much beyond that of the symmetric Bragg geometry. Measurements from a recent experiment at the ESRF are presented to compare Si(220) (symmetric Bragg), diamond(111) (asymmetric Laue), and diamond(111) (symmetric Bragg inclined) geometries. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145892
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen plasma annealing for low temperature Ta2O5 films (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 1308-1310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A low temperature oxygen/nitrogen plasma process is reported that substantially reduces leakage currents in chemical vapor deposited (CVD) and physical vapor deposited (PVD) films of tantalum oxide. We show that a combination of nitrogen and oxygen in a remote downstream microwave plasma source reduces leakage currents in CVD films of tantalum oxide and also reduces trap densities as measured by charge pumping. The as deposited CVD films show a high level of photoluminescence that is substantially lowered by the plasma anneal due to a reduction in the density of midgap states. For films deposited by PVD in the thickness range of 100 nm we find low leakage currents with a substantial improvement from the introduction of nitrogen into the plasma. However, PVD films in the thickness range of 20 nm show larger relative leakage currents and less of an improvement from the addition of nitrogen. The role of nitrogen in lowering leakage currents and charge trapping is thought to occur from a reduction in the density of bulk trap states in the oxide due to partial incorporation of nitrogen in the oxide. Both of these low temperature deposition and annealing processes are compatible with integration into the upper levels of metallization for high density circuits.© 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120569
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C60 thin film transistors (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 121-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: N-channel field effect transistors with excellent device characteristics have been fabricated by utilizing C60 as the active element. Measurements on C60 thin films in ultrahigh vacuum show on-off ratios as high as 106 and field effect mobilities up to 0.08 cm2/V s. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115503
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal stability of Ta2O5 in metal–oxide–metal capacitor structures (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 3705-3707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, we have studied structures used in metal–oxide–metal capacitors including Ta2O5/TiN/Ti, Ta2O5/Ti, Ta2O5/TaN/Ti, Ta2O5/WN/Ti, and Ta2O5/M, where M=Ta, Pt, W, Al, and Si. We find that Ti and Al are able to reduce the Ta2O5 to Ta, forming oxides of Ti and Al, respectively. The diffusion barriers TiN, TaN, and WN hamper the diffusion of oxygen and therefore postpone the reduction of Ta2O5 to higher temperatures. As judged by the temperatures at which the reduction of Ta2O5 occurs, TaN and WN are more effective oxygen-diffusion barriers than TiN. We observe no oxygen remaining in the diffusion barrier when a Ti layer is present underneath. We observe no reduction of Ta2O5 when M=Pt, W, or Si. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123227
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High dielectric constant Hf–Sn–Ti–O thin films (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 1967-1969 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High dielectric constant Hf–Sn–Ti–O thin-film materials were identified using a compositional-spread approach. Thin films of composition Hf0.2Sn0.05Ti0.75O2 prepared at 250 °C have excellent dielectric properties: 40–70-nm-thick films with a dielectric constant of 40–60 were obtained, depending on the processing conditions, yielding a specific capacitance of 9–17 fF/μm2. Breakdown fields were measured to be about 3–4 MV/cm, yielding a figure of merit εε0Ebr∼19 μC/cm2. Leakage currents, measured at 1 MV/cm, were in the range 10−7−10−6 A/cm2. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124887
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved perturbation approach to the 2D Edwards polymer: Corrections to scaling (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 8951-8957 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present the results of a new perturbation calculation in polymer statistics which starts from a ground state that already correctly predicts the long chain length behaviour of the mean square end-to-end distance 〈R2N〉, namely, the solution to the two dimensional (2D) Edwards model. The 〈R2N〉 thus calculated is shown to be convergent in N, the number of steps in the chain, in contrast to previous methods which start from the free random walk solution. This allows us to calculate a new value for the leading correction-to-scaling exponent Δ. Writing 〈R2N〉=AN2ν(1+BN−Δ+CN−1+...), where ν=3/4 in 2D, our result shows that Δ=1/2. This value is also supported by an analysis of 2D self-avoiding walks on the continuum. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472625
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge Transfer Salts of Benzene-Bridged 1,2,3,5-Dithiadiazolyl Diradicals. Preparation, Structures, and Transport Properties of 1,3- and 1,4-[(S2N2C)C6H4(CN2S2)][X] (X = I, Br) (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 117 (1995), S. 6880-6888 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00131a009
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discovery of a useful thin-film dielectric using a composition-spread approach (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 392 (1998), S. 162-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The continuing drive towards miniaturization of electronic devices is motivating the search for new materials. Consider, for example, the case of the much-used dynamic random-access memory. The minimum capacitance per cell that can be tolerated is expected to remain at 30–40 fF, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/32381
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effectiveness of mastectomy by response to induction chemotherapy for control in inflammatory breast carcinoma (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 4 (1997), S. 452-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Inflammatory breast carcinoma ; Local recurrence ; Chemotherapy ; Mastectomy ; Radiotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Controversy exists as to the treatment regimen necessary to best provide optimal local control for inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC). This study was conducted to determine if mastectomy combined with radiotherapy offered any advantages over radiotherapy alone in patients with IBC who had been treated with doxorubicin-based combination chemotherapy. Methods: A retrospective review of 178 women treated for IBC on doxorubicin-based multimodality therapy protocols between January 1974 and September 1993 was performed. Clinical and histologic response to treatment, time to local recurrence, survival, and ultimate control of local disease were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to examine survival and relapse times, and Fisher's exact test was used to test differences in treatment outcomes. Significance was determined at p≤0.05. Results: Median follow-up was 89 months (range 22 to 223 months). Locoregional disease persisted in seven patients and recurred in 44 patients who had been rendered disease free at a median time of 10 months. The mortality rate after a local recurrence (LR) was 98%, and all patients but one with LR developed systemic metastases. Response to induction chemotherapy influenced the incidence of LR, and the amount of residual disease found on histologic examination of mastectomy specimens was highly prognostic for local failure. Patients who underwent mastectomy in addition to radiotherapy had a lower incidence of LR than did patients who received radiotherapy alone (16.3% vs. 35.7%, p=0.015). Conclusions: The addition of mastectomy to combination chemotherapy plus radiotherapy improved local control in patients with IBC. The addition of mastectomy to chemotherapy plus radiotherapy improved distant disease-free and overall survival in patients with a clinical complete or partial response to induction chemotherapy. Patients who had no significant response to induction chemotherapy received no survival or local disease-control benefit from the addition of mastectomy to their treatment regimen. These patients should be considered for entry into clinical trials of new treatment regimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02303668
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overexpression of focal adhesion kinase (p125FAK) in human colorectal carcinoma liver metastases: Independence from c-src or c-yes activation (1997)
    Springer
    Annals of surgical oncology 4 (1997), S. 264-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1534-4681
    Keywords: Focal adhesion kinase ; Tumor progression ; Liver metastasis ; Colon cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: p125FAK, pp60c-src, and pp62c-yes are protein tyrosine kinases that function in signaling pathways regulating cell adhesion, migration, and growth. The expression and tyrosine kinase activities of pp60c-src and pp62c-yes, and the expression of p125FAK are increased in colorectal tumor metastases relative to normal mucosa. This study investigates whether differences in the activation of pp60c-src and pp62c-yes in colorectal liver metastases correlated with differences in p125FAK expression and whether prognostic significance could be demonstrated from the extent of expression of p125FAK in metastases. Methods: Activities of pp60c-src and pp62c-yes were measured in the immune complex kinase assay. Relative levels of p125FAK, pp60c-src, and pp62c-yes were determined by immunoblotting. Results: p125FAK was overexpressed in 29 of 30 colorectal cancer liver metastases (range of two- to 195-fold increase compared with normal mucosa). The degree of overexpression of p125FAK was not a significant prognostic factor in survival. A differential activation of pp60c-src and pp62c-yes in colorectal carcinoma liver metastases was observed. However, overexpression of p125FAK was observed in metastases with either pp60c-src or pp62c-yes activated in colorectal carcinoma liver metastases. Conclusions: p125FAK overexpression appears to be a marker present in colorectal cancer cells with a metastatic phenotype. Furthermore, p125FAK overexpression is independent of pp60c-src or pp62c-yes activation in human colorectal carcinoma liver metastases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02306620
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