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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cross-cultural comparison of attitudes and opinions onuorides anduoridation between Australia and Japan (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 26 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This paper reports on two studies exploring similarities and contrasts in knowledge, attitudes and opinions onuorides anduoridation of two culturally different population groups. Therst study compares the attitudes and opinions of parents of primary (elementary) schoolchildren in Melbourne, Australia, and Yokohama, Japan, and the second study compares the attitudes and opinions of dentists drawn from the same geographic areas. A self-administered questionnaire collected data on 517 parents and 629 dentists. The questionnaires were of similar design and content for both parents and dentists. They included a series of knowledge and attitudinal statements on preventive dentistry and use ofuorides. Attitudinal responses were measured on a 5-point agree-disagree Likert scale. Data were analyzed using both bivariate and multivariate techniques. Australian parents appeared better informed on the benets of wateruoridation and held more favorable opinions onuorides anduoridation than their Japanese counterparts. Similarly, Australian dentists held more positive attitudes toward the use of fluorides and fluoridation than their Japanese peers. Cultural norms and experiences appear to shape parental attitudes, whereas the focus of dental education and dental practice on restorative treatments in Japan appears to be a substantial inuence on the attitudes and opinions held by Japanese dentists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1998.tb01948.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transaminase Affects Accumulation of Free Amino Acids in Electrically Stimulated Beef (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 64 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Electrical stimulation (ES) of a beef carcass increases the content of free amino acids, which affects meat flavor. Levels of glutamic acid (Glu)-aminopeptidase activity were similar in both control and ES meat but decreased during storage to about 65% at 14 days. When 2-ketoglutaric acid (a substrate of transaminase) was added to the sarcoplasm, the level of Glu increased. Transaminase activity was unaffected by storage and was about 20% greater in ES than in the control. Transaminase activity in beef was confirmed when radioactive 2-ketoglutaric acid was added to the sarcoplasm. Results suggest that transaminase contributes to accumulation of some amino acids such as Glu in beef during conditioning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb15046.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organotin Compounds in Water, Sediment, and Biological Samples from the Port of Osaka, Japan (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 35 (1998), S. 558-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Butyltin (Bts) and phenyltin compounds (Pts) were measured in water, sediment, plankton, and mussels collected from eight stations in the harbor area of the Port of Osaka in 1996, and were compared with those of Otsuchi Bay. The levels of tributyltin (TBT) compounds in all samples from the Port of Osaka were slightly high in marinas and mooring areas of small and medium-hull vessels. Of total Bts, the ratio of TBT was under 50% in water and was dominant in sediment, plankton, and mussels. Triphenyltin (TPT) compounds in water were not detected. TPT was present at lower levels than TBT in sediment, plankton, and mussels. Of total Pts, monophenyltin (MPT) compounds and diphenyltin (DPT) compounds represented a high proportion in sediment, while TPT was dominant in plankton and mussels. The concentrations of TBT in water from the Port of Osaka were lower than those from Otsuchi Bay, however TBT concentrations in sediment, plankton, and mussels from the Port of Osaka were higher than those from Otsuchi Bay. The difference of TBT concentration among stations in the Port of Osaka was slight. In contrast, the levels of TBT in Otsuchi Bay were markedly higher at a station near the shipyard. Though TPT in water from the Port of Osaka was not detected, trace amounts of TPT was found in seawater from Otsuchi Bay. The levels and detected frequencies of TPT in sediment, plankton, and mussels from the Port of Osaka were lower than in those from Otsuchi Bay. The partition coefficients of Bts to sediment, plankton, and mussels from the Port of Osaka were higher than those of dibutyltin (DBT) compounds and MBT and those of TBT to plankton and mussels were higher than those in sediment. The partition coefficients of TBT to sediment and biological samples from the Port of Osaka were higher level than those in Otsuchi Bay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900416
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facilitation of HIV-1 isolation from patients by neuraminidase (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 143 (1998), S. 85-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  We previously reported that infectivities of human and other nonhuman lentiviruses including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are activated by desialylation of the virion surface [H. Hu et al., J Virol 70: 7 462–7 470 (1996)]. The present study was designed to determine whether neuraminidase (NA) is useful for isolation of HIV-1 from patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or CD4+ cells isolated from the PBMC of infected individuals were cocultured with PBMC or CD4+ cells from uninfected healthy donors, and the efficiency and frequency of virus isolation in the presence of NA were compared with those by a routine conventional procedure. In a total of 41 isolation trials from 28 individuals, the presence of NA markedly increased the frequency of isolation. Furthermore, both the day when virus was first detected and the day when the virus titer was the highest in the cultures were significantly earlier in the presence of NA than in the absence of NA. The deduced amino acid sequences of the V2 and V3 regions of gp120 were identical or very similar between the isolates obtained in the presence or absence of NA, suggesting that both isolation procedures selected a similar population. NA was thus found to facilitate HIV-1 isolation and its use is recommended particularly when isolation is negative by the conventional procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050270
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1995)
    Springer
    Metrika 42 (1995), S. 66-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-926X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01894289
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unconstrained Optimization Reformulations of Variational Inequality Problems (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 92 (1997), S. 439-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Variational inequality problems ; unconstrained optimization reformulations ; global error bounds ; descent methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Recently, Peng considered a merit function for the variational inequality problem (VIP), which constitutes an unconstrained differentiable optimization reformulation of VIP. In this paper, we generalize the merit function proposed by Peng and study various properties of the generalized function. We call this function the D-gap function. We give conditions under which any stationary point of the D-gap function is a solution of VIP and conditions under which it provides a global error bound for VIP. We also present a descent method for solving VIP based on the D-gap function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022660704427
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of percolation curve by filler particle shape in Cu- SBR composites (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1997), S. 1182-1183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Abstracts are not published in this journal
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018513127504
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photon activation analysis of trace metals in the livers and spleens of pigs (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 195 (1995), S. 145-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Nondestructive photon activation analysis with 30 MeV bremsstrahlung was applied to determine trace element concentrations in the livers and spleens of five pigs. Samples were freeze-dried, pulverized and fractionated into four groups corresponding mesh size; smaller than 60 mesh, 60–100 mesh, 100–200 mesh and larger than 200 mesh. Up to 9 elements in each fraction were analyzed. The concentrations of Br, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Rb and Zn in each liver fractions were almost constant, as were concentrations of Mg and Rb in spleens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02036484
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation analysis of trace metals in several kinds of tissues of even-toed ungulates (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 239 (1999), S. 595-599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The normal concentration levels of trace metals in several kinds of tissues of even-toed ungulates have been determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis, photon activation analysis, and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In the present work the concentrations of 13 elements (Ag, Br, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Rb, Se, and Zn) were analyzed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02349076
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New NCP-Functions and Their Properties (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 94 (1997), S. 115-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Nonlinear complementarity problems ; NCP-functions ; merit functions ; unconstrained optimization reformulations ; error bounds ; bounded level sets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Recently, Luo and Tseng proposed a class of merit functions for the nonlinear complementarity problem (NCP) and showed that it enjoys several interesting properties under some assumptions. In this paper, adopting a similar idea to that of Luo and Tseng, we present new merit functions for the NCP, which can be decomposed into component functions. We show that these merit functions not only share many properties with the one proposed by Luo and Tseng but also enjoy additional favorable properties owing to their decomposable structure. In particular, we present fairly mild conditions under which these merit functions have bounded level sets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022659603268
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