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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of human neutrophil elastase by wheat ceramides (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 17 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ceramides, composed of sphingosine N-acyl linked to fatty acids have become widely used in cosmetology. They play several physiological roles in the regulation of skin barrier function. Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) can be inhibited by long-chain fatty acids and their derivatives; it was therefore postulated that plant ceramides could be inhibitors of HNE. Ceramides were extracted from wheat, isolated and characterized. The main fatty acids were 16:0, 18:1, 18:2 and the sphingoid moiety was phytosphingosine. Concentrations necessary to reach 50% inhibition of HNE were, respectively, 33 and 41 μg ml-1 for non-glycosyl ceramides (CER) and glycosyl ceramides (gly-CER) when using a synthetic specific substrate. Similar extents of inhibition were obtained using a physiological substrate, insoluble elastin. Ex vivo studies showed that CER protected human skin elastic fibres against HNE degradation. Ceramides, being natural non-toxic substances, besides their role in cosmetics, could be of pharmacological interest in dermal inflammatory disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1995.tb00130.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclosporin A-induced alterations of dentinogenesis in rat molars (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 26 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cyclosporin A (CsA), a widely used immunosuppressive drug, induces gingival overgrowth and modifications of bone remodelling. The scope of this study was to investigate the possible effect of CsA on dentin. Thirty mg/kg/day of CsA were administered orally to male Sprague-Dawley rats for nineteen weeks. The same number of control rats received oil-based vehicle solution. Rats were anesthetized, and tissues were fixed by an intracardiac perfusion of fixative solution. Mandibles were dissected, demineralized, and processed for Epon embedding, Semi-thin sections of the first molars revealed alterations at the secondary dentin-pulp interface in four out of six experimental animals. The changes consisted of the formation of: 1) osteodentin spurs, in which the volume and interface with the secondary dentin varied from about 25,000 to 75.000 μm3 and from 1400 to 3530 μm2, respectively; 2) abnormally shaped and irregularly spaced incremental lines; and 3) numerous globular formations embedded in dentin or free in the pulp. These results indicate that CsA induces abnormal mineralized matrix formation in dentin and in the peripheral part of the pulp in rat molars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1997.tb00035.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastin derived peptides protect elastic fibres degradation by human neutrophil elastase: in vitro and in vivo studies using a mechanically induced rat gingival inflammatory model (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 30 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An elastin peptide (kE57) obtained from organoalkaline hydrolysis of calf ligamentum nuchae insoluble elastin, was isolated by gel permeation on Sephadex G150 and high performance liquid chromatography on a TSK G 3000 SW column. It possessed an average Mr=57,000 and similar amino acids composition as its insoluble counterpart. KE57 behave as a competitive inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) with KI=1.4 μM; it also inhibited porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) but less efficiently KI=180 μM. Identification of elastic fibres in rat gingiva was ascertained by light and electron microscopic studies. Morphometric studies indicated that rat gingiva contained similar levels of elastic fibres (=2%) as human skin; elastic fibres networks from both tissues also displayed high structural analogy. Gingival chronic inflammation was induced in rats by mechanical impaction associated with an hyperglucidic diet. After 5 weeks, the levels of rat gingiva elastic fibres, decreased from Vv= 1.94±0.1% to Vv= 1.02±0.06%. Local injections of kE57: 100 μig per day, 5 days a week for 5 weeks did restore the integrity of the gingiva elastic fibres network: Vv= 1.84±0.1. Without influencing leucocyte infiltration, it is proposed that elastin-derived peptides, acting as potent competitive inhibitor of neutrophil elastase involved in periodontitis, might be of therapeutic value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1995.tb01253.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased expression of gelatinases A and B by skin explants from patients with anetoderma (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 137 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The extent of alterations to the elastic fibre network in lesional skin areas of three patients with anetoderma was assessed by quantitative image analysis of tissue sections and compared with morphometric parameters from unaffected sites of the same individuals. In the anetodermic skins pre-elastic fibres were undetectable or extremely rare; the volume fraction (Vv%) occupied by these pre-elastic fibres was 0–0·3%, while in unaffected skins the Vv% occupied by pre-elastic fibres was 0·5–0·8%. A nearly complete absence of dermal elastic fibres in lesional skins from the three patients was evidenced (Vv%= 0·2–0·3%).Organ cultures were performed using explants from skin with or without anetodermic lesions to quantify the expressions of elastase-type proteinases. All tissues from anetodermic lesions expressed proforms of gelatinases A and B and the activated form of gelatinase A: their levels increased with the culture time. In comparison, enzymatic activities on oligopeptide substrates specific for leucocyte elastase and fibroblast plasma membrane-associated metalloelastase were not detected in the conditioned media of any explants at any time of culture from 1 to 5 days. Increased production of progelatinases A and B and activation of progelatinase A could be mainly responsible for the degradation of skin elastic fibres demonstrated in anetodermic skins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03780.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histomorphometric parameters and susceptibility to neutrophil elastase degradation of skin elastic fibres from healthy individuals and patients with Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos type IV, and pseudoxanthoma elasticum (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 133 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The morphometric parameters of mid-dermal elastic fibres from the skin of four patients with Marfan syndrome, four patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV (EDS IV), and two patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) were determined, and compared with those of healthy individuals of a similar age range.The volume fraction occupied by elastic fibres was significantly reduced in Marfan patients compared with normal controls, and this was independent of age. In contrast, it was significantly increased in PXE patients, whereas the volume fraction occupied by skin elastic fibres varied within the EDS IV group.Dermal elastic fibres from patients with Marfan syndrome. EDS IV and PXE are hydrolysed by human neutrophil elastase in a qualitatively and quantitatively different fashion from those from healthy individuals. Marfan syndrome and EDS IV dermal elastic fibres were found to be more resistant to hydrolysis by human neutrophil elastase, but PXE elastic fibres were hydrolysed at a rate similar to elastic fibres from control skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb06913.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometric analysis of collagen and elastic fibers in normal skin and gingiva in relation to age (1997)
    Springer
    Clinical oral investigations 1 (1997), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-3771
    Keywords: Key words Gingiva ; Skin ; Elastic fibers ; Collagen fibers ; Aging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The morphometric parameters of the human gingival elastic fiber network were determined by image analysis and compared with human skin elastic fibers in relation to age. Similarly, collagen fibers were also investigated in both tissues. In this study, 47 healthy patients, 10 – 75 years old were studied for gingiva and another 50 patients in the same age range were included for skin biopsies. Three groups were compared: group 1 from the age of 10 – 24 years, group 2 from 25 to 49 years, and group 3 from 50 to 75 years. The diameters of the oxytalan fibers were invariable in both tissues, whatever the age considered. On the other hand, the diameters of elastic fibers increased regularly with age in the gingiva (P〈0.01) and in the skin (P〈0.01) between each age group. The area fraction occupied by the oxytalan fibers decreased significantly in both tissues (P〈0.01) for the skin and (P〈0.001) for the gingiva. The area fraction occupied by the gingival elastic fibers remained constant with age while the skin elastic fibers increased significantly with age between groups 2 and 1 (P〈0.01) and between groups 3 and 2 (P〈0.001). In the mid-dermis and in the mid-gingiva, the diameters of the collagen fibers increased strongly with age, between groups 2 and 1 (P〈0.01) and between groups 3 and 2 (P〈0.001). The area fraction occupied by the collagen bundles increased regularly with age in the mid-gingival (P〈0.05 between each age group), while a significant decrease was observed in the mid-dermis from the age of 50 – 75 years (P〈0.05). The results obtained contribute to a better understanding of some modifications which dermis and gingiva undergo with aging and provide data to perfect diagnosis and therapy in odontology and dermatology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007840050026
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [3H]Choline Uptake and Turnover into Membrane and Extracellular Matrix Phospholipids, Visualized by Radioautography in Rat Incisor Dentin and Enamel (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 66-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Phospholipids — Choline — Radioautography — Dentin — Enamel.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In order to study the uptake and fate of [3H]choline into cellular and extracellular phospholipids in the forming part of mandibular rat incisors, radioautography was carried out after treatment with the iodoplatinate reaction which retains phospholipids. Thirty minutes and 1 hour after the intravenous injection of the radiolabeled precursor, grain density in secretory odontoblasts and ameloblasts was not significantly above background labeling whereas dentin was actually labeled. Therefore, at this early period, odontoblasts cannot be responsible for the secretion of phospholipids incorporated into dentin, and intercellular diffusion of components originating from blood could explain this early dentin labeling. After 2 hours, odontoblasts and ameloblasts were labeled. In cells, grain density reached a maximum at 4 hours, reduced at 24 hours, and strongly decreased at 4 days. In predentin and enamel, grain density peaked at 24 hours and diminished at 4 days. However, in the forming enamel 4 days after the injection, labeling was twice as high as in any other compartment. Altogether, the results highlighted two distinct pathways for phospholipids in dental mineralized dental tissues: a first one shows evidence of early incorporation of [3H]choline into dentin resulting from intercellular diffusion independently from odontoblasts secretion, whereas inside the forming enamel, higher labeling and longer retention of choline-containing membrane components were detected between 4 hours and 4 days. This suggests an accumulation of membranes that are not subjected to rapid turnover in contrast with other dental compartments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900659
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