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  • 1995-1999  (11)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of the structure of the dense plasma near the cross point in exploding wire X pinches (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 2840-2846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dynamics of the dense plasma near the cross point of an X pinch has been investigated using 1 ns x-ray backlighting images at different moments relative to the start of 100 ns [full width at half maximum (FWHM)] 200 kA current pulses. If the two metal wires are fine enough (e.g., 10 μm W or 17.5 μm Mo) to form a pinch at the cross point, accompanied by an x-ray burst, with the available current pulse, then the images show three stages of development: a radial explosion/expansion phase; an implosion during which a dense Z pinch of 200–300 μm length forms at the cross point together with plasma jets which move axially away from that point; and a breaking up of the Z pinch, coincident in time with one or two x-ray bursts, after which a 300 μm gap opens up. For W, the backlighter minimum sensitivity is 1017/cm2 areal density, and the dense Z pinch is estimated to have a volume density close to 1021/cm3. Shock waves appear to be expanding at about 50 μm/ns from the end points of the collapsing Z pinch, where the plasma was the most dense. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873241
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density measurements in exploding wire-initiated plasmas using tungsten wires (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 4272-4283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Calibrated density measurements have been obtained of the coronal plasmas around exploding 7.5–40 μm W wires carrying 15–120 kA per wire for 30–70 ns. X-ray radiographs of the exploding wire plasmas using 2.5–10 keV photons from a Mo wire X-pinch backlighter enabled measurements of areal densities of W ranging from 2×1017/cm2, equivalent to 0.03 μm of solid density W, to about 1019/cm2. The rapidly expanding (few mm/μs) coronal plasmas surrounding the slowly expanding (〈1 mm/μs) residual wire cores have areal densities up to about 2×1018/cm2. Single 7.5 μm wires tested with 100 kA had as much as 90% of the initial wire material in the coronal plasma. Coronal plasma W number densities were estimated to be up to a few times 1018/cm3, while core W densities as low as a few times 1020/cm3 were observed. With linear arrays of four (eight) 7.5 μm wires carrying 30 kA (15 kA)/wire, up to 35% (25%) of the initial W wire material was in the plasma around and between the wires at 46–48 ns after the current started. Preheating the wires to drive off adsorbed gases and hydrocarbons increased the W mass in the coronal plasma and made it more uniform then when wires were not preheated. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873695
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design and operation of a high pulse rate intense ion beam diode (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 3448-3458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Virtually all practical applications for intense ion beams require that the beam pulses be generated at high repetition rates. This paper reports the development of the first high pulse rate, long-lived ion beam diode. It is a magnetically insulated diode which has produced ∼75 keV proton and carbon beam pulses of 1.0–2.5 A/cm2 and 100 ns duration at up to 90 Hz in four pulse bursts. It has also produced 125 keV, 5 A/cm2 Ar beams at a steady 1 pulse per 30 s for over 1000 pulses between failures in many runs. This diode employs a magnetically confined anode plasma ion source, and the high repetition rate pulsed power systems are based upon saturable magnetic switching. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145521
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The x-pinch as a point source of x rays for backlighting : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 779-781 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The fine metal wire x-pinch is a compact source of soft-x-ray emission. Under certain conditions, x rays in the 3–7 keV range are emitted in 〈1 ns bursts from source regions that are 〈10 μm in size. The small size and high intensity of these 3–7 keV sources makes the x-pinch useful as a point source for x-ray backlighting. This capability has been demonstrated by using an x-pinch to produce radiographic images of separate x-pinches and z-pinches. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146219
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of virtual cathode formation and electron density profile measurements in an intense ion beam diode (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 5108-5117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A recently developed high pulse rate intense ion beam diode has been exploited to measure the relative density profile of electrons in the ion diode's acceleration gap as a function of time. This diode was magnetically insulated and it produced 100 keV Ar+ beams at up to 4 A/cm2 using an active anode plasma ion source. The diode also had a backfill of 10−2 Torr of He that was collisionally excited by energetic electrons in the acceleration gap. When the excited He atoms radiatively decayed, the emitted light was measured and used to deduce the relative electron density profile with space and time resolution. The profile was peaked toward the center of the gap and dropped off significantly toward both the anode and the cathode. The absence of electron density near the physical cathode is evidence for magnetic field profile modification from the diamagnetic drift of the electrons in the diode. With a macroscopic electric field of order 100 kV/cm, the electron current takes many tens of nanoseconds, from the moment the cathode begins to emit, to reach the Child–Langmuir current. The extent to which this limit is exceeded depends strongly on the profile of the insulating magnetic field and appears to be dominated by the dynamics of the electron flow in the diode gap. In contrast, the delay between when electrons are first observed in the gap spectroscopically and when the ion beam is first formed is independent of the magnetic field profile. This delay is about the time that it takes an argon ion to transit the acceleration gap, suggesting that ion inertia is the rate limiting factor. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367328
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of plasma formation from exploding wires and multiwire arrays using x-ray backlighting : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 667-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Plasma formation from exploding individual wires and multiwire arrays, powered by a 450 kA, 100 ns pulsed power generator has been studied with x-ray direct backlighting using one or more X pinches as a source of radiation. Experiments have been carried out with many different wire materials ranging in Z from Al to Au. A point source of x rays is used to cast a shadow image of the object plasma directly on film ("point-projection" backlighting). Spatial resolution in the range 1–5 μm, and temporal resolution of 0.7–2 ns, has been achieved using 2–4 keV x rays from Mo wire X pinches. Different schemes for multiframe imaging are described. We also present observations of micron scale structure on residual dense wire cores 40–70 ns after the start of the current pulse. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149361
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological Adhesion at Interfaces (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Materials Research 26 (1996), S. 651-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6600
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ms.26.080196.003251
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of an electron beam generated in an X-pinch plasma on the structure of the K spectra of multiply charged ions (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of experimental and theoretical physics 85 (1997), S. 484-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1090-6509
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The first experimental studies of an electron beam generated in an X pinch on the XP machine (Cornell University, USA) and the BIN machine (P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences) are reported. It is shown that it is possible in an X pinch to isolate the effect of a plasma-generated electron beam on the multiply charged ion radiation. The intensities of the satellite lines corresponding to Li-, Be-, B-, and C-like ions are calculated for the Al spectrum on the basis of a collisional-radiative model with a non-Maxwellian electron distribution in the plasma. The effect of an electron beam on the multiply charged light ion radiation in an X-pinch plasma is demonstrated. Comparing our calculations with the experimental spectra, we conclude that the present model can be used to estimate the electron beam intensity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.558431
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of the anode plasma in the magnetically insulated diode of the COBRA ion accelerator by modified laser deflectometry (1997)
    Springer
    Technical physics letters 23 (1997), S. 401-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1090-6533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new type of optical system for measurements of laser beam deflection has been developed and implemented experimentally. The refractive index gradient in the anode plasma of a megavolt magnetically insulated diode in a high-power ion accelerator has been measured with submicron resolution. The refractive index distribution in the layer was measured during the pulse and the average electron density in the layer was determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1261695
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal evolution of the hydrodynamic instability of the boundary between the dense core and the plasma corona during nanosecond explosion of wires (1998)
    Springer
    JETP letters 67 (1998), S. 559-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 52.80.Qj ; 52.35.Bj
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report the results of investigations of the interaction of a plasma corona with a dense, cold core formed on the discharge axis in the initial stage of the nanosecond electrical explosion of metal wires. The internal structure of the dense core and the dynamics of processes occurring in it were studied by a specially developed method of multi-frame x-ray shadow photography. The large observed amplitudes of the disturbances of the boundary between the dense core and the Z-pinch corona, which are comparable to the core radius, are attributed to the development of Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz hydrodynamic instabilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.567726
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