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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation Between Vitamin D Receptor Genotypes and Bone Mineral Density in Japanese Patients with Osteoporosis (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 229 -232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Vitamin D receptor — RFLP — Bone mineral density — Osteoporosis — Osteoarthrosis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In order to better understand the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, we investigated the correlation between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotypes defined by BsmI restriction enzyme, as well as other related factors, and the bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine in 90 Japanese patients with osteoporosis. The same study was performed in 36 patients with osteoarthrosis of the hip joint and 92 healthy volunteers. The majority of the VDR genotypes were bb, and a few of the population showed either the BB or Bb genotype in all three groups. There was no statistical difference in the frequencies of these VDR genotypes in the three groups. The mean age-matched value of BMD (Z scores) at the lumbar spine in patients with osteoporosis was significantly lower than that in patients with osteoarthrosis or healthy volunteers. The mean Z scores of the healthy volunteers with bb genotype were significantly higher than those with BB genotype, whereas those of the osteoporosis patients with BB genotype were significantly higher than those with Bb genotype. There was no significant difference in the mean Z scores between bb and Bb genotypes in patients with osteoporosis and healthy volunteers. No significant difference was seen in the mean Z scores in patients with osteoarthrosis regardless of genotype. On the other hand, body weight significantly correlated with BMD in patients with osteoporosis by simple- and multiple-regression analysis. These results indicate that the BMD at the lumbar spine in Japanese patients with osteoporosis is affected by body weight, and might be affected partially by the VDR genotypes defined by BsmI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900219
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preventive Effects of Traditional Chinese (Kampo) Medicines on Experimental Osteoporosis Induced by Ovariectomy in Rats (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 239 -246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Ovariectomy — Chinese traditional (Kampo) medicines — Tibiae — Bone mineral density — Electron micrographs — Rat.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Preventive effects by traditional Chinese (Kampo) medicines, Unkei-to, Hachimi-jio-gan, and Juzen-taiho-to, on the progress of bone loss induced by ovariectomy in rats were investigated for a period of 49 days. The bone mineral density (BMD) of tibia in ovariectomized (OVX) rats decreased by 20% from those in sham-operated (Sham) rats, with the decrease completely inhibited by the administration of any one of these Kampo medicines or 17β-estradiol. From scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analyses, the surface of a trabecular bone of tibia in OVX rats had a porous or erosive appearance, whereas that of the same bone in Sham rats was composed of fine particles. The administration of three Kampo medicines and 17β-estradiol to OVX rats preserved the fine particle surface of the trabecular bone. These results strongly suggest that any of these three gynecological Kampo medicines is as effective as 17β-estradiol in preventing the development of bone loss induced by ovariectomy in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900329
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voltage-gated Na+ current availability after step- and spike-shaped conditioning depolarizations of retinal ganglion cells (1998)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 436 (1998), S. 497-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Excitability ; Partial inactivation ; Persistent Na+ current ; Retinal ganglion cell ; Sub-threshold current
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We used two conditioning voltage protocols to assess inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ current in retinal ganglion cells. The first protocol tested the possibility, raised by published activation and steady-state inactivation curves, that Na+ ions carry a ”window” current in these cells. The second protocol was used, because these cells spike repetitively in situ, to measure the Na+ current available for activation following spikes. Na+ current activated at test potentials more positive than –65 mV. At test potentials more positive than –55 mV, Na+ current peaked and then declined along a time course that could be fit by the sum of a large, rapidly decaying component, a small, slowly decaying component and a non-decaying component. Both step- and spike-shaped conditioning depolarizations reduced the amount of current available for subsequent activation, sparing the non-decaying ”persistent” component. Most of the Na+ current recovered from this inactivation along a rapid exponential time course (τ=3 ms). The remaining recovery was complete within at least 4 s (at –70 mV). Our use of step depolarizations has identified a current component not anticipated from previous measurements of steady-state inactivation in retinal ganglion cells. Our use of spike-shaped depolarizations shows that Na+ current density at 1 ms after a single spike is roughly 25% of that activated by the conditioning spike, and that recovery from inactivation is 50–90% complete within 10 ms thereafter. Na+ current amplitude declines during spikes repeated at relatively low frequencies, consistent with a slow component of full recovery from inactivation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050664
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal analysis of bones from ovariectomized rats (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 41 (1998), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: thermogravimetry ; differential thermal analysis ; activation energy ; ovariectomy ; traditional Chinese medicine ; 17β-estradiol ; rat ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Thermal analyses [thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA)], X-ray diffraction, and infrared absorption analysis of bones from ovariectomized rats were carried out. The rats were divided into five groups: sham operated (Sham); ovariectomized (OVX); OVX given traditional Chinese (Kampo) medicine, Unkei-to; OVX given 17β-estradiol; and OVX given the estradiol vehicle, respectively. The activation energy (ΔE), a kinetic parameter from TG data of OVX rats, increased by 57% from that in Sham rats. The administration of Unkei-to and 17β-estradiol to OVX rats clearly restored the ΔE to the levels of Sham rats, while the vehicle for 17β-estradiol had no effect. DTA data from thermal analyses of rats from the Sham, OVX, and OVX given various compounds were almost the same except for OVX rats given 17β-estradiol. The X-ray diffraction pattern and infrared absorption spectrum of bone powders from Sham rats were not different from those of OVX rats or others. These results strongly suggest that a kinetic parameter, ΔE calculated from TG data, may be a useful method for assessing both experimentally induced osteoporosis and drug effects on it. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 41, 221-226, 1998.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of indium and iron ions on in vitro calcium phosphate precipitation and crystallinity (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 31 (1996), S. 11-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The elution characteristics of indium and iron ions from six kinds of dental casting alloys were studied in vitro. A certain amount of indium (0.01-1.70 mg/cm2) was solubilized from the surface of only one prosthetic semiprecious brand (Miro Bright) in either 1% lactic acid or 0.05% hydrochloric acid solutions. The elution of iron was below the detection limit or 〈0.01 mg/cm2. We also studied the stimulatory effects of indium and ferric ions on the calcium phosphate precipitation in the absence and presence of an inhibitor (phosvitin, a phosphoprotein purified from egg yolks). Indium and ferric ions promoted the reaction, and their stimulatory effects were stronger than the inhibitory effects of phosvitin (250 μg/ml). These facts suggest that indium, but not iron, could be eluted into the mouth, and that the eluted indium may stimulate the formation of oral calcium phosphate precipitates, counteracting the inhibition by saliva-derived phosphoproteins. The effects of these metal ions on calcium phosphate precipitates were also studied using both X-ray diffractometry and infrared spectrophotometry. It was shown that both indium and ferric ions decreased the grade of crystallinity of the calcium phosphate precipitates (hydroxyapatite). © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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