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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exchange anisotropy in epitaxial Fe3O4/CoO and Fe3O4/CoxFe3−xO4 bilayers grown by pulsed laser deposition (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 5097-5104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic exchange anisotropy has been studied in epitaxial Fe3O4 based bilayers grown by pulsed laser deposition on MgO substrates. Measurements of the exchange biasing of the Fe3O4 magnetization curves were performed on (100)- and (111)-oriented Fe3O4 (20 nm)/CoO (20 nm) bilayers and (100)-oriented Co0.16Fe2.84O4 (190 nm)/Fe3O4 (40–370 nm) bilayers. The effective exchange bias field Heb and coupling energy were found to be 10–102 kA/m and 1–2 mJ/m2, respectively. The dependence of Heb on the thickness d of the soft magnetic component (magnetite) of the cobalt ferrite/magnetite bilayer Heb∼1/d is found to be in agreement with the predictions of a Stoner–Wohlfarth-type model. The order of magnitude and the temperature dependence of Heb for the Fe3O4/CoO bilayers are similar to those of bilayers prepared by molecular beam epitaxy. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368759
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sharp or blunt tipped needles for retrobulbar anaesthesia (1999)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.1999.0759l.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diatomic metal encapsulates in fullerene cages: A Raman and infrared analysis of C84 and Sc2C84 with D2d symmetry (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 7976-7984 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Raman scattering and infrared absorption of the C84 and Sc2@C84 isomers 23:D2d were studied at room temperature and 95 K. The results are compared to the response of pristine and doped C60. According to the lower symmetry and the higher number of atoms C84 exhibits much more vibrational modes than C60, in particular at wave numbers above 500 cm−1. For lower energies the vibrational structure of C84 resembles a downshifted and split C60 spectrum. After the encapsulation of two scandium atoms the overall vibrational structure and the number of C84 modes was preserved as a result of the similar geometric structure. From the very good correlation of the C84 and Sc2@C84 cage modes metal to fullerene charge transfer induced shifts could be analyzed. The lines were found less shifted compared to the C60 modes in exohedral doped A6C60 (A=K,Rb,Cs). Increased line widths of low energy cage modes were attributed to an additional intramolecular relaxation channel related to the dynamics of the encapsulated scandium ions. A set of nine new lines with almost complementary Raman and infrared intensities was found for Sc2@C84 below 200, at 246 and at 259 cm−1, and attributed to Sc–C84 vibrations. These vibrations were further identified as Sc–C84 stretching and Sc–C84 deformation modes. The Sc–C84 valence force constant of 1.19 N/cm was derived with a linear three-mass oscillator model for Sc2@C84. Both, the charge transfer induced line shifts and the Sc–C84 valence force constant indicate an effective transfer of approximately two electrons per scandium to the carbon cage. This is in agreement with an electronic state (Sc2.2+)2@C84〈sup ARRANGE="STAGGER"〉4.4− previously proposed on the basis of x-ray powder diffraction, x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and quantum chemical calculations. The unexpected high number of Sc–C84 vibrations is attributed to crystal field and factor group splitting. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480131
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computing Boolean functions by polynomials and threshold circuits (1998)
    Springer
    Computational complexity 7 (1998), S. 346-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8954
    Keywords: Keywords. Complexity of Boolean functions, threshold circuits, circuit lower bounds, representations by multivariate polynomials.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. We investigate the computational power of threshold—AND circuits versus threshold—XOR circuits. In contrast to the observation that small weight threshold—AND circuits can be simulated by small weight threshold—XOR circuit, we present a function with small size unbounded weight threshold—AND circuits for which all threshold—XOR circuits have exponentially many nodes. This answers the basic question of separating subsets of the hypercube by hypersurfaces induced by sparse real polynomials. We prove our main result by a new lower bound argument for threshold circuits. Finally we show that unbounded weight threshold gates cannot simulate alternation: There are $ AC^{0,3} $ -functions which need exponential size threshold—AND circuits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000370050015
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On extremal perturbations of semi-Fredholm operators (1996)
    Springer
    Integral equations and operator theory 26 (1996), S. 125-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8989
    Keywords: 47A53 ; 47A55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Given a bounded linear operatorA in an infinite dimensional Banach space and a compact subset Λ of a connected component of its semi-Fredholm domain, we construct a finite rank operatorF such that λ−A+F is bounded below (or surjective) for each λ ∈ Λ,F 2=0 and rankF=maxλ∈Λ min{dimN(λ−A), codimR(λ−A)}, if ind(λ−A)≤0 (or ind(λ−A)≥0, respectively) for each λ∈Λ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01191854
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic Investigation of Neutral Niobium in GaAs (1997)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 258-263 (Dec. 1997), p. 911-916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/03/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.258-263.911.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhalative Stickoxid (NO)-Therapie bei Neugeborenen: Responder und Nonresponder Eine Übersicht (1996)
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 144 (1996), S. 1352-1356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Persistierende pulmonale Hypertonie des Neugeborenen (PPHN) ; Oxygenierung ; Stickoxid (NO) ; Atemnotsyndrom (HMD) ; Response ; Key words Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) ; Oxygenation ; Nitric oxide (NO) ; Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) ; Responder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Critical hypoxemia due to extrapulmonary right-to-left-shunting is a typical feature of neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). To improve oxygenation, inhaled nitric oxide (NO) has been used for the last three years in neonatal intensive care units during mechanical ventilation, thus lowering pulmonary vascular resistance. However, sustained improvement in oxygenation is only noted in one third up to two fifths of treated newborns (responders) if PPHN develops due to primary pulmonary disease. NO has only been used for term neonates until recently, when a growing interest for its administration in preterm babies with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) came up. Since intrapulmonary right-to-left shunting is the main reason for hypoxia in HMD, inhaled NO should prove to be a potent selective pulmonary vasodilator in future studies. Further clinical and experimental studies with animals will be helpful to evaluate the individual newborn as being a potential responder or nonresponder.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die hochgradige Oxygenierungsstörung durch extrapulmonale Rechts-links-Shunts ist ein typisches Merkmal bei Neugeborenen mit persistierender pulmonaler Hypertonie (PPHN). Zur Verbesserung der Oxygenierung wird seit ca. 3 Jahren in neonatologischen Zentren Stickoxid (NO) während der maschinellen Beatmung inhalativ zur Senkung des pulmonalen Gefäßwiderstands verabreicht. Nur 1/3–2/5 der behandelten Neugeborenen reagiert mit einer anhaltenden Verbesserung der Oxygenierung (Responder), wenn eine primär pulmonal-parenchymatöse Erkrankung mit sekundärer PPHN vorliegt. Wurde NO aus toxikologischen Erwägungen bisher fast ausschließlich bei reifen Neugeborenen angewendet, so hat sich jüngst ein Interesse für den Einsatz bei Frühgeborenen mit Atemnotsyndrom (HMD) entwickelt. Da der intrapulmonale Rechts-links-Shunt jedoch die wesentliche Ursache der Oxygenierungsstörung bei Frühgeborenen mit HMD ist, sollten zukünftige Studien die Anwendung von NO als potenten, selektiven pulmonalen Vasodilator in der Lungenstrombahn des Frühgeborenen rechtfertigen. Weitere klinische und tierexperimentelle Studien sind notwendig, um das individuelle Neugeborene als potentiellen Responder oder Nonresponder einschätzen zu können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001120050093
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anschlußheilbehandlung nach Schlaganfall Eine Standortbestimmung (1999)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 322-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schlaganfall ; Rehabilitation ; Anschlußheilbehandlung ; Key words Stroke ; Postacute rehabilitation ; Deficit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A standardized postacute inpatient rehabilitation program (Anschlußheilbehandlung) after stroke is well established in Germany. Yet the needs of patients being admitted to an Anschlußheilbehandlung (AHB) are not completely known. Therefore sociodemographic data, handicap, impairment and neuropsychologic deficits in 200 stroke patients were evaluated before admission to an AHB with different scores (Barthel, modified Rankin Score, NIHSS, HAWIE-R, Wilde, etc.). About half of the patients were still working prestroke. Most patients suffered from several vascular risk factors, which were insufficiently treated, and about a third of the patients had cerebrovascular disease prior to this stroke. At admission to the rehabilitation program the group of patients with severe neurological deficits was small. In average the disability was rather moderate (Rankin=2,6). Mainly gait and finger dexterity were handicapped. Functional impairment was outweighed by neuropsychological deficits.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Anschlußheilbehandlung (AHB) ist ein fester Bestandteil der postakuten Rehabilitation nach einem Schlaganfall. Zwar gibt es genaue Vorgaben zur AHB von Seiten der Kassen- und Rentenversicherungsträger, unklar ist jedoch, welche Patienten in eine AHB eingewiesen werden, welche Störungen sie noch aufweisen und welche Anforderungen sie an eine AHB stellen. Prospektiv wurden 200 Patienten untersucht, die nach einem Schlaganfall an einer AHB teilnahmen. Neben relevanten soziodemographischen und medizinischen Daten wurden verschiedene neurologische (Barthel, modifizierter Rankin Score, NIHSS u.a.) und neuropsychologische (Teile des HAWIE-R, BAT, Wilde u.a.) Meßinstrumente verwendet. Über die Hälfte der Patienten, die in eine AHB nach einem Schlaganfall eingewiesen wurden, stand noch im aktiven Erwerbsleben. Viele Patienten litten unter unzureichend behandelten Risikofaktoren und hatten bereits vaskuläre Vorerkrankungen bevor sie den aktuellen Schlaganfall erlitten. Die neurologischen Störungen waren eher moderat, wohingegen durchschnittlich ganz erhebliche neuropsychologische Leistungseinbußen bestanden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050443
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergismus von inhalativem Stickstoffmonoxid und Hochfrequenzbeatmung bei der Therapie des Mekoniumaspirationssyndroms (1998)
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 146 (1998), S. 1050-1053 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Inhaliertes Stickstoffmonoxid ; Hochfrequenzbeatmung ; Lungenexpansion ; Alveoläre Rekrutierung ; Mekoniumaspirationssyndrom ; Key words Inhaled nitric oxide ; High-frequency ventilation ; Lung expansion ; Alveolar recruitment ; Meconium aspiration syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary High-frequency ventilation and inhaled nitric oxide represent – among others – two treatment options in hypoxemic respiratory failure of neonates. We report the case of a term infant with meconium aspiration syndrome, who only responded favorably to inhaled nitric oxide following the initiation of high-frequency ventilation. At an oxygenation index of 17 we started treatment with nitric oxide in order to reverse right-to-left shunting and improve oxygenation. How- ever the respiratory situation did not improve, the oxygenation index increased to 25. After discontinuation of nitric oxide the mode of ventilation was switched to HFV with mean airway pressures of 15 mbar. Again oxyena-tion was unaffected with an oxygenation index of meanwhile 31. At that stage of a second trial of inhaled nitric oxide was started at a concentration of 10 ppm while continuing high-frequency ventilation. Immediately oxygenation improved significantly, the oxygenation index decreased to 9 within several minutes after restarting nitric oxide. This effect on oxygenation was sustained for the duration of several days during high-frequency ventilation until gradual weaning from iNO could be performed. Discussion: Adequate lung expansion is required in order to achieve the maximum benefit of nitric oxide therapy. Inadequate alveolar ventilation secondary to parenchymal lung disease may lead to a non-response to treatment with nitric oxide. Adequate alveolar ventilation appears to be more readily achieved by the use of high-frequency ven- tilation as compared to conventional ven- tilation. In cases of respiratory failure due to meconium aspiration syndrome this therapeutic regimen should be considered, even if these therapies (high-frequency ventilation, inhaled nitric oxide) have previously been proven inefficient when used as single treatment modalities.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Inhalatives Stickstoffmonoxid und Hochfrequenzbeatmung gehören neben einer Reihe weiterer Behandlungsoptionen zu den Therapiemodalitäten bei der Behandlung des neonatalen Lungenversagens. Wir berichten über den Fall eines reifen Neugeborenen mit Mekoniumaspirationssyndrom, das nicht unter konventioneller Beatmung, wohl aber unter Hochfrequenzbeatmung mit einer Verbesserung der Oxygenierung auf die Gabe von inhalativem NO reagierte. Bei einem Oxygenierungsindex von 17 begannen wir eine Therapie mit inhalativem Stickstoffmonoxid, die zu keiner Verbesserung der respiratorischen Situation führte. Auch die nach Beendigung der Stickstoffmonoxidtherapie begonnene Hochfrequenzbeatmung hatte keinen Anstieg des arteriellen Sauerstoffpartialdrucks zur Folge, der Oxygenierungsindex lag zu diesem Zeitpunkt bei 31. Erst eine kombinierte Therapie von Hochfrequenzbeatmung und inhalativem Stickstoffmonoxid führte zu einem deutlichen Anstieg des arteriellen Sauerstoffpartialdrucks und zu einem Abfall des Oxygenierungsindex auf einen Wert von 9. Diskussion: Eine ausreichende Lungenexpansion ist Voraussetzung für ein optimales Ansprechen auf Stickstoffmonoxid. Eine inadäquate alveoläre Ventilation erscheint auf dem Boden einer parenchymatösen Lungenerkrankung ein ausreichender Grund für ein klinisches Nichtansprechen auf eine Stickstoffmonoxidtherapie zu sein. Eine suffiziente Rekrutierung von Alveolen ist unter einer Hochfrequenzbeatmung einfacher zu erreichen als unter konventioneller Beatmung. Diese Kombinationstherapie sollte in Fällen eines hypoxämischen Lungenversagens bei Mekoniumaspirationssyndrom auch dann in Betracht gezogen werden, wenn beide Therapiemodalitäten für sich genommen nicht zu einer Verbesserung der Oxygenierung geführt haben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001120050362
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric mucosal injury by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is reduced by (R)-〈alpha〉-methylhistamine and its pro-drugs in the rat (1997)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 46 (1997), S. 101-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050117
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