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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Perfusion-weighted MRI ; Cerebral perfusion ; Parameter images ; Cerebrovascular disease ; Brain tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to analyse specific advantages of calculated parameter images and their limitations using an optimized echo-planar imaging (EPI) technique with high spatial and temporal resolution. Dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) was performed in 12 patients with cerebrovascular disease and in 13 patients with brain tumours. For MR imaging of cerebral perfusion an EPI sequence was developed which provides a temporal resolution of 0.68 s for three slices with a 128 × 128 image matrix. To evaluate DSC-MRI, the following parameter images were calculated pixelwise: (1) Maximum signal reduction (MSR); (2) maximum signal difference (ΔSR); (3) time-to-peak (Tp); and (4) integral of signal-intensity-time curve until Tp (SInt). The MSR maps were superior in the detection of acute infarctions and ΔSR maps in the delineation of vasogenic brain oedema. The time-to-peak (Tp) maps seemed to be highly sensitive in the detection of poststenotic malperfused brain areas (sensitivity 90 %). Hyperperfused areas of brain tumours were detectable down to a diameter of 1 cm with high sensitivity ( 〉 90 %). Distinct clinical and neuroradiological conditions revealed different suitabilities for the parameter images. The time-to-peak (Tp) maps may be an important advantage in the detection of poststenotic “areas at risk”, due to an improved temporal resolution using an EPI technique. With regard to spatial resolution, a matrix size of 128 × 128 is sufficient for all clinical conditions. According to our results, a further increase in matrix size would not improve the spatial resolution in DSC-MRI, since the degree of the vascularization of lesions and the susceptibility effect itself seem to be the limiting factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 6 (1996), S. 489-493 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: MR angiography (MRA) ; Ramp-shape excitation pulse ; Carotid arteries ; Vertebral arteries ; MR pulse sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study addressed the use of 3D MR angiography with flip angles (FAs) linearly varying across the excitation volume in order to diminish spin saturation. The shape of the ramp profile was varied to optimize the method for different regions and pathological alterations. Radio frequency pulses with ramp-shaped excitation profiles were generated flow-compensated 3D-FISP sequence. With the use of ramp-shaped excitation profiles good results were obtained for intracranial arteries as well as for neck arteries (i.e. carotid and vertebral arteries) which were demonstrated in 6 healthy volunteers and in 5 patients with various stenoses and anomalies of the carotid and vertebral arteries. With this technique it was possible to use increased thicknesses of the excitation volume (slab) up to 256 mm. Ramp-shaped excitation pulses with linearly increasing FAs in main flow direction can provide improved contrast of the vessel parts located distally to the entry side of the slab. Although this method has no advantage concerning complex flow or other dephasing effects; its particular effectiveness lies in the reduction of spin saturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Intracranial dermoid cyst ; 3D chemical-shift-selective imaging ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a man with a ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst, suffering from headache, nausea, vomiting and a generalised seizure. MRI was performed before and 2 weeks after surgical resection. On T 1-weighted images the tumour gave high signal, as did fatty material in the frontal and parietal brain sulci. Identification of this hyperintense material as lipids was possible by chemical-shift-selective 3 D gradient-echo imaging, which provided excellent contrast between the subarachnoid lipids and the adjacent normal brain, with a good spatial resolution. Possible complications of subarachnoid and intraventricular lipid particles after dermoid cyst rupture are discussed and the diagnostic value of 3 D chemical-shift-selective additional to conventional T 1-weighted spin-echo images in identification of even small amounts of fat is emphasised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Intracranial dermoid cyst ; 3D chemical-shift-selective imaging ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a man with a ruptured intracranial dermoid cyst, suffering from headache, nausea, vomiting and a generalised seizure. MRI was performed before and 2 weeks after surgical resection. On T1-weighted images the tumour gave high signal, as did fatty material in the frontal and parietal brain sulci. Identification of this hyperintense material as lipids was possible by chemical-shift-selective 3 D gradient-echo imaging, which provided excellent contrast between the subarachnoid lipids and the adjacent normal brain, with a good spatial resolution. Possible complications of subarachnoid and intraventricular lipid particles after dermoid cyst rupture are discussed and the diagnostic value of 3 D chemical-shift-selective additional to conventional T1-weighted spin-echo images in identification of even small amounts of fat is emphasised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 37 (1997), S. 508-514 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Key words Aneurysm • Arteriovenous malformation • Cerebral vessels • MR-angiography • Paramagnetic contrast media • Developmental venous anomaly ; Schlüsselwörter Aneurysma • Arterio-venöse Malformation • Hirngefäße • MR-Angiographie • Paramagnetische Kontrastmittel • Venöse ; Dysplasie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchung größerer Meßvolumina mit der 3D time-of-flight MR-Angiographie wird durch das Auftreten von Sättigungseffekten liminiert, die sich signalmindernd auf Venen und Arterien auswirken können. Alternativ zu einer Reihe anderer MRA-Methoden ist die iv. Gabe paramagnetischer Kontrastmittel in Kombination mit 3D-Pulssequenzen geeignet, um bei bestimmten Indikationen ohne technischen Mehraufwand auch langsam durchflossene Hirngefäße und große Volumina zu untersuchen. Die intrakranielle Hauptindikation dafür ist die hochauflösende anatomische Darstellung normaler und dysplastischer Hirnvenen sowie die ergänzende Abklärung der venösen Drainage einer arterio-venösen Malformation, wenn die native MRA nur die arterielle Versorgung und den Nidus zeigt. Bei großen Aneurysmen, Brückenvenen und venösen Sinus lassen sich langsam durchflossene Lumina und Teilthrombosen zuverlässig differenzieren. KM-aufnehmende Hirntumoren können zusammen mit Gefäßverlagerungen dargestellt werden. Klinisch unbedeutend ist die Verbesserung der arteriellen MRA durch KM-Applikation mit den gegenwärtigen Routinetechniken zur Datenaufnahme. Signalminderungen infolge turbulenzbedingter Spin-Dephasierung werden durch Kontrastmittel nicht beeinflußt. Das Ergebnis KM-verstärkter MR-Angiogramme wird wesentlich durch den Zeitpunkt der Injektion mitbestimmt. Die gleichzeitige Darstellung von Venen und Arterien macht eine Weiterentwicklung von Nachverarbeitungsverfahren zur Gefäßsegmentierung notwendig.
    Notes: Summary Time-of-flight MR-angiography of large volumes is limited by the occurrance of saturation effects, which lead to low signal in both veins and arteries. Alternatively to a number of other MRA-techniques, intravenous application of paramagnetic contrast media in combination with 3D-pulse sequences with or without flow refocussing allows the depiction of slow vessels in large volumes without technical extra expenses. The main intracranial indication is anatomical 3D-imaging of normal and dysplastic cerebral veins with high spatial resolution, and the additional depiction of the venous drainage in AVMs, when unenhanced MRA shows only the arteriel supply and the nidus. In large cerebral aneurysms, bridging veins and venous sinuses, partial thromboses can easily be differentiated from slow flow. Contrast-enhancing tumors can be depicted together with normal or displaced vessels. Improvements of arterial signal due to contrast media with currently used routine MRA techniques are clinically not significant. Signal loss due to spin dephasing in vessels with complex flow is not influences by contrast media. Results of contrast-enhanced MRA are determined by the timing of injection. Since arteries and veins are both imaged with high signal intensity, improvements of postprocessing procedures for secondary vessel segmentation are necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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