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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic analysis of the resting electroencephalographic power spectrum in human twins (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 33 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Most twin studies have provided evidence for genetic effects on the electroencephalogram (EEG). In two twin studies, monozygotic (MZ) cotwin covariance for EEG power was greater than expected for additive gene actions, as compared with dizygotic (DZ) cotwin covariance. These findings were attributed to complex gene interactions, termed emergenesis. In the present study of 53 MZ and 38 DZ twin pairs departures from the additive genetic model were tested on resting EEG power. Total spectral power and the quotient of (beta band power)/(total power) both fit gene interaction models significantly better than did additive genetic models. These findings support the previous findings of MZ covariance for EEG power as much greater than DZ covariance; these findings can be explained entirely by the additive effects of genes. This pattern of twin covariances could be due to gene interactions but also to greater MZ than DZ environmental covariance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1996.tb02435.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Langmuir-Blodgett Films Based on a Series of Azo Rare-Earth Coordination Compounds (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemistry of materials 7 (1995), S. 1047-1049 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5002
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00054a001
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance in the cross-maze and slip funnel tests of four pairs of rat lines selectively bred for divergent alcohol drinking behavior (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Addiction biology 1 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1369-1600
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Alcohol naive rats from lines genetically selected for high and low alcohol drinking and founded on either Wistar (P/NP lines) and distinct heterogeneous stocks (AA/ANA and replicate HAD/LAD lines) were tested in the explorative cross-maze and the inescapable slip funnel. Rats of the low alcohol-consuming ANA, NP, LAD1 and LAD2 lines all exhibited a shorter latency before initiating exploration of the maze than did their high alcohol-consuming counterparts (66, 51, 33 and 51% of the values for AA, P, HAD1 and HAD2 lines, respectively). Significant line differences were also found with the slip funnel test (AA 〉 ANA for time in a sprawling posture; P 〉 NP but HAD1 〈 LAD1 and HAD2 〈 LAD2 for time escaping), but the directions of line differences were not consistently related to those in alcohol drinking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1355621961000124886
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The quantitative determination of R- and S-salsolinol in the striatum and adrenal gland of rats selectively bred for disparate alcohol drinking (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Addiction biology 4 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1369-1600
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To explore the hypothesis that endogenous 1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (salsolinol) might be involved in the etiology of alcoholism, its concentration was determined in the striatum and adrenal gland of rats bred selectively for disparate alcohol drinking. The alcohol-naive alcohol-preferring (P) and the high-alcohol-drinking (HAD) lines of rats demonstrated significantly lower striatal and adrenal salsolinol content when compared with the alcohol-non-preferring (NP) and the low-alcohol-drinking (LAD) lines. In the P-line of rats, 4 weeks of free-choice alcohol drinking had no significant effect on striatal salsolinol levels, although adrenal levels of salsolinol were significantly higher. The salsolinol assayed in the striatum of all lines of rats occurred as a racemic mixture of enantiomers that was unchanged following 4 weeks of alcohol exposure. Unlike striatal tissue, the adrenals of alcohol naive P-rats contained significantly more S- than R-salsolinol (ratio S/R = 83/17) and alcohol consumption resulted in the formation of a nearly racemic mixture of enantiomers. These results suggest a role for genetic factors in the formation of endogenous salsolinol and its potential regulation by short-term alcohol intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556219971687
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of CNS cholinergic systems in alcohol drinking of P rats (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Addiction biology 2 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1369-1600
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were undertaken to determine if CNS muscarinic- and nicotinic-cholinergic receptors are involved in regulating alcohol drinking of rats from the selectively-bred alcohol-preferring P line. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) drug infusions were administered into the lateral ventricle of female P rats 15 minutes before ethanol access. The muscarinic antagonists pirenzepine and scopolamine were tested on limited access (4 hours/day) to a 10% (v/v) ethanol solution. Food and water were available ad libitum. Nicotine and the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine were tested on limited access (4 hours/day) to 10% (v/v) ethanol and 0.0125% saccharin solutions. Food was available ad libitum and water was available during the remaining 20 hours. The baseline ethanol intakes ranged between an average of 3.0 ± 0.3 g/kg/4 hours and 3.4 ± 0.3 g/kg/4 hours. Administration of 40-100 m g pirenzepine (M1-selective antagonist) had no effect on ethanol, food or water consumption. However, 20-80 m g scopolamine, a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, dosedependently decreased ethanol intake as much as 60% (p 〈 0.05) without altering food or water consumption. The nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine (20-120 m g) did not alter ethanol intake, but nicotine (40-80 m g) dose-dependently decreased ethanol drinking as much as 60% within the first 30 minutes (p 〈 0.05) without an effect on saccharin intake. The results suggest that: (a), muscarinic receptors, with the possible exception of the M1 subtype, are involved in regulating alcohol drinking and (b), activation of nicotinic receptors can reduce alcohol drinking of the P line of rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556219772769
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The delta opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole attenuates both alcohol and saccharin intake in rats selectively bred for alcohol preference (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 120 (1995), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Alcohol-preferring rats ; Saccharin intake ; Alcohol intake ; ICI 174864 ; Naltrindole ; Delta opioid receptor antagonists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study demonstrates that the selective delta receptor antagonists ICI 174864 and naltrindole (NTI) attenuate alcohol intake in a dose-dependent manner, without altering water intake, in rats selectively bred for alcohol preference. ICI 174864 had a very limited duration of action, as evidenced by the fact that suppression of alcohol intake lasted for only an hour following ICI 174864 administration. NTI, when administered in a dose of 10 mg/kg, suppressed alcohol intake by 28%. Increasing the dose of NTI to 15 mg/kg produced a 44% suppression of alcohol intake, but a further increase to 20 mg/kg did not produce greater suppression than was seen with a dose of 15 mg/kg (46% versus 44%, respectively). This suggests that NTI is maximally effective in suppressing alcohol intake at a dose of 15.0 mg/kg. NTI displayed a long duration of action, as evidenced by attenuation of alcohol drinking that lasted for at least 8 h following drug treatment. Administering the maximally effective dose of NTI (15 mg/kg) in two parts, separated by 4 h, served to prolong the duration of action of NTI and produced an attenuation of alcohol intake, but not water intake, that lasted for at least 28 h. The effect of NTI on alcohol intake was not specific for alcohol, as evidenced by the fact that NTI reduced the intake of saccharin solutions with and without alcohol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246191
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blocking GABAA receptors in the anterior ventral tegmental area attenuates ethanol intake of the alcohol-preferring P rat (1998)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 139 (1998), S. 108-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Ethanol intake ; GABA ; Ventral tegmental area ; Picrotoxin ; Microinjection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The effect of blocking the A subtype of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA)receptors in the anterior ventral tegmental area (VTA) on ethanol (EtOH; 10% v/v) and saccharin (SACC; 0.0125%) consumption was investigated in alcohol-preferring P rats. Picrotoxin (0.005, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.10 µg/0.5 µl) was injected into the VTA, and consumption of EtOH and SACC was assessed in two 2-h limited-access drinking paradigms (concurrent EtOH/ SACC access, and alternate-day-access to EtOH and SACC). Under concurrent-access conditions, the picrotoxin microinjections resulted in a 55 and 84% decrease in EtOH consumption at the 0.05 and 0.10 µg doses, respectively, compared with consumption following microinjections of vehicle solution (P〈0.05). Saccharin intake was not significantly altered by picrotoxin. Under alternate-day-access drinking conditions, the picrotoxin microinjections resulted in dose-dependent decreases in EtOH consumption of 37–68%, with significant decreases following the 0.005, 0.05 and 0.10 µg doses (P〈0.04). Saccharin intake was significantly reduced only at the 0.05 µg dose. The decrease in EtOH consumption after 0.10 µg picrotoxin was attenuated by co-administration of 0.01 µg muscimol. This dose of muscimol had no effect on EtOH consumption when injected alone. Intra-VTA injections of bicuculline (0.04 µg), another GABAA antagonist, reduced EtOH intake, comparable to the reduction following 0.10 µg picrotoxin. Microinjections of 0.10 µg picrotoxin in regions outside the VTA failed to decrease EtOH intake. These results suggest that anterior VTA mechanisms regulating alcohol drinking behavior are under tonic GABA inhibition, mediated by GABAA receptors. The results also suggest that different neural mechanisms are regulating voluntary EtOH and SACC drinking behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050695
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkali corrosion resistant coatings for Si3N4 ceramics (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 4455-4461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The use of ceramic oxide coatings on silicon nitride is one method to improve its alkali corrosion resistance. Four oxide coatings, including (Ca0.6, Mg0.4) Zr4(PO4)6 (CMZP), zirconia, mullite and alumina, were examined. These coatings were applied on Si3N4 using both sol–gel and dip coating techniques. The coated and uncoated samples were exposed to sodium molten-salt and sodium-containing atmospheres at 1000°C for 50 h. The weight loss of all the coated samples was less than that of the uncoated Si3N4 with CMZP-coated samples exhibiting the smallest weight loss. There was no decrease in the flexural strength of Si3N4 after coating with zirconia and CMZP, and a decrease in strength after coating with either mullite or alumina. After alkali exposure, the strength of the CMZP and zirconia coated samples were significantly higher than those of the mullite-coated, alumina-coated, and uncoated Si3N4. The observed behaviour is explained in terms of the microstructure and protection mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018652713489
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective Breeding for High and Low Alcohol Preference in Mice (1999)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 29 (1999), S. 47-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Alcohol preference ; selective breeding ; taste ; alcohol metabolism ; heritability ; genetic differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract High and low alcohol preference (HAP and LAP, respectively) mice were created by 10 generations of bidirectional selection for differences in two-bottle choice alcohol consumption. The progenitors used for selection were HS/lbg mice, which are a genetically defined, out-bred stock. During selection, mice had 24-h, daily access to 10% alcohol (v/v) and water ad libitum for 30 days and were selected based on the alcohol (g/kg) consumed per day over the entire period. Food was available ad libitum. At S10, line means for alcohol consumption differed greatly, with consumption of over 12 g/kg per day in the HAP mice and less than 2 g/kg per day in the LAP mice. Realized heritability for bidirectional selection was approximately 0.2. Female mice consumed more alcohol than male mice. There were no differences between lines in alcohol elimination rate, nor were there line differences in intake of salt or quinine solutions. However, consumption of saccharin solutions was greater in HAP mice than LAP mice, consistent with previous findings of a genetic correlation between sweet preference and alcohol drinking. Because the mouse genome is relatively well characterized, these selected lines should prove a useful tool for assessment of the genetic basis of, and phenotypes that correlate with, alcohol drinking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021489922751
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