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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination between nuclear recoils and electron recoils by simultaneous detection of phonons and scintillation light (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 1335-1337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed a detector, consisting of a cryogenic calorimeter with a scintillating crystal as an absorber, and a second calorimeter for the detection of scintillation light, both operated at 12 mK. Using a CaWO4 crystal with a mass of 6 g as the scintillating absorber, we have achieved a discrimination between nuclear recoils and electron recoils with a suppression factor of 99.7% at energies above 15 keV. This method will be applied for background rejection in the CRESST dark matter search (Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers). © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124685
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    endo and exo Isomers of Isodicyclopentadienyltrichlorotitanium (1997)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 1416-1420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270197006781
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two Derivatives of Lithium Isodicyclopentadienide: [(1,2,3,3a,7a-η)-4,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindenido](N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine)lithium and Bis(1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecane)lithium(1+) Bis[(1,2,3,3a,7a-η)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindenido]lithate(1–) (1996)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 1673-1679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270196002454
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermomechanical Bahavior of Refractory Castables under Compressive Stresses (1997)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 132-136 (Apr. 1997), p. 1790-1793 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/44/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.132-136.1790.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Letter (1995)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 5 (1995), S. 211-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02106102
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyperthyroidism Influences Ultrasound Bone Measurement on the Os Calcis (1998)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 8 (1998), S. 455-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:BMD – Bone loss – Hyperthyroidism – Ultrasound parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The objective of our study was to compare bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters in women with hyperthyroidism and controls. In this cross-sectional study, QUS parameters and BMD values observed in untreated hyperthyroid patients were compared with data obtained from age-matched controls. Twenty-four women with Graves' disease were studied. Eight patients were postmenopausal. All patients had evidence of thyrotoxicosis as indicated by a raised total serum thyroxine and a suppressed serum thyroid stimulating hormone. BMD of the hip, lumbar spine and whole body, and body composition, were measured by DXA. Ultrasound evaluation on the os calcis was performed with an Achilles device. All measurements were performed before antithyroid therapy. The QUS parameters of BUA, SOS and Stiffness were significantly lower in hyperthyroid patients than in controls. Similar results were observed for the BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck and total skeleton. Lean tissue and fat mass were also significantly decreased in hyperthyroid patients. In conclusion, these findings suggest that hyperthyroidism affects cortical and trabecular bone equally, as well as bone quality. QUS measurements may be helpful for assessing, using a simple and non-irradiating method, the bone effects of thyrotoxicosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050091
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separate and Combined Value of Bone Mass and Gait Speed Measurements in Screening for Hip Fracture Risk: Results from the EPIDOS Study (1999)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 9 (1999), S. 188-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Elderly – Hip fracture – Osteodensitometry – Osteoporosis – Screening – Ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Based on data from the EPIDOS prospective study, we have shown that femoral bone mineral density (BMD), calcaneal ultrasound measurements and fall-related factors are significant predictors of the risk of hip fracture. The goal of the present investigation, in the same cohort of elderly women, was (1) to assess and compare the value of femoral BMD, calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), gait speed and age for identifying elderly women at high risk of hip fracture and (2) to determine whether combining two or more of these measurements would improve predictive ability over single measures. A total of 5895 elderly women had baseline measurements of femoral neck BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, calcaneal BUA and gait speed. During an average of 33 months of follow-up, 170 women suffered a hip fracture. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of single and combined measures for three specific cutoff levels to define high risk, i.e., the median, the top quartile and the top decile of risk. We found that femoral BMD, calcaneal BUA, gait speed and age have approximatively the same discriminant value to identify women at high risk of hip fracture even though certain measures and combinations of measures have a significantly higher sensitivity for certain cutoff levels. The sensitivity of the available screening tools is low, even when they are combined: to obtain a sensitivity of about 80%, approximately 50% of the population must be considered to be at high risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050134
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do Markers of Bone Resorption Add to Bone Mineral Density and Ultrasonographic Heel Measurement for the Prediction of Hip Fracture in Elderly Women? The EPIDOS Prospective Study (1998)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 8 (1998), S. 563-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Bone markers – DXA – Hip fracture – Osteoporosis – Risk factors – Ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We have previously shown that hip bone mineral density (BMD), heel broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and bone resorption markers are independent predictors of hip fracture in elderly women. We investigated whether a combination of these three parameters could improve the predictive value of a single test in a nested case–control analysis (75 hip fractures and 228 age-matched controls) of the EPIDOS prospective study comprising 7598 healthy women 75 years of age and older followed prospectively for a mean 22 months. At baseline, prior fracture, femoral neck BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), heel BUA and urinary type I collagen C-telopeptide breakdown products (CTX) were assessed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was significant for the three diagnostic tests, heel BUA being the best single predictor. The added value of urinary CTX to either BMD or BUA depends on the cutoff point chosen to define patients at risk and on the therapeutic strategy that is considered. Defining patients at risk as those with low BMD (or low BUA) or high CTX resulted in a significant increase in the sensitivity compared with BMD or BUA alone – a strategy that could be applied when a broad treatment is considered. However, this increased sensitivity was also obtained simply by increasing the BMD and BUA cutoffs, suggesting that a combination of CTX with BMD/BUA is not useful for that type of treatment strategy. Conversely, defining patients at risk as those with both low BMD and high CTX increases the specificity (88% vs 78%) with a similar number of hip fracture patients being identified (30% vs 32%) – a combination that could be useful when the strategy is to target treatment to a subset of high-risk patients. This strategy appears to be more cost-effective than bone mass measurement alone as indicated by the 37% fewer patients who need to be treated to avoid one fracture per year. If DXA or ultrasound is not available, the combination of a bone resorption marker with a history of any type of fracture after the age of 50 years gave a predictive value similar to that obtained with femoral neck BMD or heel BUA alone, for both types of treatment strategy. We conclude that the combination of urinary CTX with hip BMD could be useful for the identification of elderly women at high risk for hip fracture, resulting in higher specificity for a given sensitivity threshold than BMD measurement alone. If DXA is not available, the combination of history of fracture and urinary CTX performs as well as hip BMD to assess hip fracture risk in elderly women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050100
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of anthropometric parameters on ultrasound measurements of os calcis (1995)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 5 (1995), S. 371-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Anthropometric parameters ; BUA ; SOS ; Ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Few data have been published concerning the influence of height, weight and body mass index (BMI) on broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS) and Lunar “stiffness” index, and always in small population samples. The first aim of the present cross-sectional study was to determine whether anthropometric factors have a significant influence on ultrasound measurements. The second objective was to establish whether these parameters have real effect on bone or whether their infuence is due only to measurement errors. We measured, in 271 healthy French women (mean age 77±11 years; range 31–97 years), the following parameters: age, height, weight, lean and fat body mass, heel width, foot length, knee height and height of the external malleolus (HEM). Simple linear regression analyses between ultrasound and anthropometric parameters were performed. Age, height and heel width were significant predictors of SOS; age, height, weight, foot length, heel width, HEM, fat mass and lean mass were significant predictors of BUA; age, height, weight, heel width, HEM, fat mass and lean mass were significant predictors of stiffness. In the multiple regression analysis, once the analysis had been adjusted for age, only heel width was a significant predictor for SOS (p=0.0007), weight for BUA (p=0.0001), and weight (p=0.0001) and heel width (p=0.004) for the stiffness index. Besides their statistical meaning, the regression coefficients have a more clinically relevant interpretation which is developed in the text. These results confirm the influence of anthropometric factors on the ultrasonic parameter values, because BUA and SOS were in part dependent on heel width and weight. The influence of the position of the transducer on the calcaneus should be taken into account to optimize the methods of measurement using ultrasound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01622259
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment of Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis or Low Bone Density with Raloxifene (1999)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 10 (1999), S. 330-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Bone density – Lipids – Menopause – Osteoporosis – Raloxifene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), has been shown to improved bone mineral density (BMD) and serum lipid profiles in healthy postmenopausal women. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of raloxifene on BMD, biochemical markers of bone metabolism and serum lipids in postmenopausal women with low bone density or osteoporosis. This Phase II, multicenter, 24-month, double-masked study assessed the efficacy and safety of raloxifene in 129 postmenopausal women (mean age ± SD: 60.2 ± 6.7 years) with osteoporosis or low bone density (baseline mean lumbar spine BMD T-score: −2.8). Women were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: placebo, 60 mg/day raloxifene-HCl (RLX 60) or 150 mg/day raloxifene-HCl (RLX 150) and concomitantly received 1000 mg/day calcium and 300 U/day vitamin D3. At 24 months, BMD was significantly increased in the lumbar spine (+3.2%), femoral neck (+2.1%), trochanter (+2.7%) and total hip (+1.6%) in the RLX 60 group compared with the placebo group (p〈0.05). The RLX 150 group had increases in BMD similar to those observed with RLX 60. A greater percentage of raloxifene-treated patients, compared with those receiving placebo, had increased BMD (p〈0.05). Serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity, serum osteocalcin, and urinary type I collagen:creatinine ratio were significantly decreased in the RLX-treated groups, compared with the placebo group (p〈0.01). RLX 60 treatment significantly decreased serum levels of triglycerides, and total- and LDL-cholesterol levels (p〈0.01). The rates of patient discontinuation and adverse events were not significantly different among groups. In this study, raloxifene increased bone density, decreased bone turnover, and improved the serum lipid profile with minimal adverse events, and may be a safe and effective treatment for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or low bone density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050236
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