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  • 1
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Prosaposin, the precursor of saposins A, B, C, and D, was recently identified as a neurotrophic factor in vitro as well as in vivo. Its neurotrophic activity has been localized to a linear 12-amino acid sequence located in the NH2-terminal portion of the saposin C domain. In this study, we show the colocalization of prosaposin and ganglioside GM3 on NS20Y cell plasma membrane by scanning confocal microscopy. Also, TLC and western blot analyses showed that GM3 was specifically associated with prosaposin in immunoprecipitates; this binding was Ca2+-independent and not disassociated during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The association of prosaposin-GM3 complexes on the cell surface appeared to be functionally important, as determined by differentiation assays. Neurite sprouting, induced by GM3, was inhibited by antibodies raised against a 22-mer peptide, prosaptide 769, containing the neurotrophic sequence of prosaposin. In addition, pertussis toxin inhibited prosaptide-induced neurite outgrowth, as well as prosaptide-enhanced ganglioside concentrations in NS20Y cells, suggesting that prosaposin acted via a G protein-mediated pathway, affecting both ganglioside content and neuronal differentiation. Our findings revealed a direct and right GM3-prosaposin association on NS20Y plasma membranes. We suggest that ganglioside-protein complexes are structural components of the prosaposin receptor involved in cell differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 61 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate of nonenzymatic browning was compared in freeze-dried model systems containing lysine and glucose, sucrose or trehalose at pH 2.5 and a water activity of 0.33. Rate constants for brown color formation (A420) were from 200 to 2000-fold greater for the sucrose than for the trehalose system. Some rate constants for sucrose browning approached those for glucose, indicating that extensive hydrolysis had occurred. The results indicate that use of trehalose rather than sucrose may be of value in stabilizing some systems vulnerable to nonenzymatic browning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 146 (1998), S. 323-327 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Fukosidose ; α-L-Fukosidase ; Lysosomale Speichererkrankung ; Mutationen ; Molekulargenetik ; Key words Fucosidosis ; α-L-fucosidase ; Lysosomal storage disease ; Mutations ; Molecular genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Fucosidosis, a rare lysosomal storage disease due to nearly complete deficiency of α-L- fucosidase, was diagnosed in two unrelated male German patients who exhibited typical symptoms of this disorder including mental retardation, dysostosis multiplex, vacuolization of lymphocytes and progressive neurologic deterioration by the age of 3.2 and 4 years, respectively. In both cases, activity of α-L-fucosidase in leukocytes and cultivated fibroblasts was negligible. DNA analysis revealed a nonsense mutation (G401X) in exon 7 of the fucosidase gene; this leads to a premature stop codon and C-terminal deletion of 61 amino acids from the protein. Discussion: On account of the mutation a unique PFlMI restriction site is obliterated; this simplifies molecular diagnosis of the G401X mutation. So far, the mutation G401X has not been found in any other population.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Fukosidose ist eine seltene lysosomale Speicherkrankheit, die durch eine starke Verminderung der Enzymaktivität der α-L-Fukosidase verursacht wird. Wir beschreiben 2 nicht verwandte, deutsche, männliche Patienten mit typischen Symptomen. Beide zeigten bis zum Alter von 3,2 bzw. 4 Jahren einen progredienten neurologischen Abbau, eine schwere mentale Retardierung, Zeichen einer Dysostosis multiplex und Speicherphänomene in Lymphozyten. Die α-L-Fukosi- dase-Aktivität in Leukozyten und Fibroblasten war stark vermindert (〈3% des Normalwertes). Die molekulargenetische Diagnostik deckte eine Nonsense-Mutation (G401X) in Exon 7 des α-L-Fukosidase-Gens auf, die zu einem vorzeitigen Stopkodon und so zum C-terminalen Verlust von 61 Aminosäuren des Enzymproteins führt. Diskussion: Durch die Mutation geht eine Spaltstelle des Restriktionsenzyms PflMI verloren, so daß ein rascher Nachweis mit Hilfe dieses Polymorphismus möglich ist. Bisher wurde die Mutation G401X in keiner anderen Population nachgewiesen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European spine journal 7 (1998), S. 125-131 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Anterior lumbar ; interbody fusion ; Allograft fusion ; Low-back pain ; Postdiscectomy syndrome ; Discogenic pain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The radiographic fusion rates, graft behaviour and clinical outcome of 41 patient with simultaneous combined anterior lumbar interbody fusion and posterior arthrodesis with translaminar screws were reviewed independently. In all patients a femoral cortical allograft (FCA) ring filled with autologous iliac crest cancellous bone was used anteriorly to replace the disc and achieve interbody fusion. The follow-up averaged 30.6 months, with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. All patients had disabling low-back pain with different degrees of radiating leg pain and either discogenic pain (n = 24) or a postdiscectomy syndrome (n = 15) respectively post-fusion syndrome (n = 2). The overall fusion rate was 95.2% (59 of 62 segments). Time to radiographic fusion averaged 8.7 months (range 2–34 months), and in 66.1% radiographic fusion occurred without significant subsidence. In 18.6% fusion with subsidence resulted from resorption of the FCA and in 15.3% the FCA had protruded into the vertebral body. The posterior intervertebral disc height (PIVDH) increased postoperatively by 2 mm on average. However, loss of PIVDH was the rule, and occurred within the first 12 postoperative months, resulting in a negligible final gain in height of 0.3 mm on average. The segmental lordosis was increased by 3°; however, loss of lordosis during the first 6 postoperative months led to a final gain in lordosis of 1.3° on average. Graft incorporation occurred in 16 of 62 segments (25.8%) and was observed at an average of 21.9 months postoperatively. Subjectively, 82.4% of the patients were satisfied or highly satisfied with the clinical result of the fusion operation. In conclusion, the described technique has proven to be highly effective in achieving a high fusion rate with a good patient outcome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Key words: Isoniazid—Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Isoniazid (INH) is one of the most important first line drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis. We utilized high performance liquid chromatography with a hydrazone extraction technique to measure INH in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid specimens from six patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. We found BAL fluid INH levels to be similar to 2-h peak serum levels. The concentration of INH in BAL fluid from lobes with infiltrate was similar to the concentration of INH in BAL fluid from lobes without infiltrate (0.062 μg/ml and 0.073 μg/ml, respectively). After adjusting for protein concentration in the BAL fluid, INH levels in lobes with infiltrate were threefold lower than in lobes without infiltrate. The correlation between the concentration of INH in serum and BAL fluid approached significance after correcting for protein (lobes with infiltrate, r 2= 0.60 (p= 0.07); lobes without infiltrate, r 2= 0.50 (p= 0.12)). INH penetrates into bronchoalveolar fluid, and concentrations of INH in the BAL fluid suggest that assessment of the INH serum concentration is adequate to evaluate bioavailability of the drug in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Muscle fatigue ; Potassium ; Muscle membrane excitability ; M-wave
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To examine the simultaneous changes in plasma [K+], muscle excitability and force during fatigue, ten male adults (mean age = 22 ± 0.5 years) held an isometric contraction of their right quadriceps muscle at an intensity of 30% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for 3 min. Femoral venous and brachial arterial [K+] were determined from serial samples drawn before, during, and for 15 min following the 3-min contraction. Each blood sample was synchronized with a maximal stimulation of the right femoral nerve to evoke a twitch and compound muscle action potential (M-wave). Immediately post-exercise, twitch torque was only 42% of baseline and femoral venous plasma [K+] had increased significantly from 4.02 ± 0.08 mmol/l to 5.9 ± 0.22 mmol/l. Femoral venous plasma lactate rose to a peak level of 10.0 ± 0.8 mmol/l at 1 min post exercise. The recovery of the twitch torque was exponentially related to the recovery of femoral venous plasma [K+] (r 2 = 0.93, P 〈 0.01). There was no evidence for any loss of muscle membrane excitability during the period of increased extracellular [K+], in fact, the M-waves tended to be potentiated in the early phases of the recovery period. These results suggest that muscle membrane excitability is maintained in spite of increased extracellular [K+] following fatigue induced by a sustained submaximal quadriceps contraction. However, the strong relationship between twitch torque and femoral venous plasma [K+] suggests that K+ may be exerting its effect distal to surface membrane action potential propagation, most likely in the T-tubular region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 42 (1997), S. 2285-2291 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: HEPATITIS C ; GENOTYPE ; SEROTYPE ; ALCOHOLIC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genotyping of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNAcan be performed by a variety of methods followingpolymerase chain reaction amplification of a stable RNAportion of the genome. The gold standard isamplification of the RNA from the NS5 region, followed bydirect sequencing and homology comparison. This methodis extremely labor intensive. In this study, we comparedan immunoblot serotyping technique (HCV SIA) to a reversehybridization line-probe assay (LiPA)for genotype classification among non-alcoholic HCVinfected patients. We then compared and contrasted theresponse in this cohort to a population of alcoholic patients with HCV infection. To validate theserotype assay, sera from 110 patients with chronic HCVinfection was utilized. Serotyping (Chiron SIA) andgenotyping by the LiPA (Line Probe Assay, Innogenetics) reverse-hybridization technique was performed.Additionally, both methods were compared tosequence-derived genotyping in 26 patients based on PCRamplification of the NS5 region. After the validationphase, sera from 105 alcoholic patients wasgenotypically classified by the serologic method. Thenonalcoholic and alcoholic groups were then comparedwith regard to serotype, demographics, and frequency ofuntypable test results. Among typable pairs, the overallconcordance rate between serotyping and LiPA-basedgenotyping was 93.75% . Patients with genotype 1 byreverse hybridization demonstrated a 95.8% concordance with serotype. Untypable samples were presentfor both techniques, but since they occurred indifferent patients, the techniques were complementary.Alcoholic patients were significantly more likely to be infected with untypable serotypes than thosewithout a pattern of alcohol abuse. These patients werealso more likely to be HCV RNA negative than sera fromtypable patients. Serotype 1 was associated with high HCV RNA titer and poor interferontreatment response among both nonalcoholic and alcoholicpatients. An immunoblot method for the evaluation ofgenotype classification was rapid and easily performed compared to sequence-based genotyping. Therewas a high degree of concordance compared toreverse-hybridization and sequence-based genotypecharacterization methods. Failure to detect HCV RNA inthe serum is associated with a higher likelihood ofclassification failure. This problem was particularlyprevalent in the alcoholic population. HCV RNA titersand treatment outcomes were strongly associated with serotype classification results, demonstratingclinical utility of this assay technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: Brownian dynamics ; diffusion-controlled reactions ; electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy ; molecular dynamics ; supercritical fluids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present comparisons among Brownian dynamics simulations, molecular dynamics simulations, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic studies of the Heisenberg spin-exchange reaction between nitroxide free radicals at near-infinite dilution in near-critical and supercritical ethane. We discuss the effects of correlations in the solute-solute and solvent-solute radial distribution functions on the rate constants for collision and reaction. We find that the enhancements in the local density of solvents around solutes strongly affect the rate constant for solvent-solute encounters. This result holds implications for those reactions where collisional-energy transfer from solvent to solute is the rate-limiting step. While the rate of collisions between solutes is strongly affected by solute-solute correlations for all densities, the reaction rate constant is affected by such local density augmentations only for certain combinations of density and collision lenght scale. Rate constants estimated computationally and experimentally show the same qualitative trend as a function of density. Collision lifetimes estimated from the simulations show a strong density dependence. These lifetimes reflect the competing effects of the intermolecular force and the potential of mean force and are distinctly bimodal at the higher densities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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