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  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-frequency modulated light source for phase fluorometry and fluorescence lifetime imaging (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 48-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Phase fluorometry and fluorescence lifetime imaging require a source of exciting light which can be modulated at radiofrequency. This is difficult to achieve with reasonable efficiency using conventional light sources with external modulators such as Pockels cells, while laser sources are limited in wavelength tunability. In this paper a low-cost and versatile high-frequency modulated light source is described which is well suited to frequency-domain fluorescence measurements. The source is a modified deuterium arc lamp which can be driven directly at frequencies up to approximately 130 MHz, and which provides a highly stable source of ultraviolet and visible light. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146325
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostic characterization of a prepulsed carbon fiber Z pinch using spectral line intensity analyses (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 1425-1429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Plasma formation and x-ray generation efficiency of a carbon fiber Z pinch are dramatically improved by means of an optimized current prepulse. In this article results are presented of time-integrated and also time-resolved electron temperature measurements using the optical line emission of the coronal plasma surrounding a still, cold fiber. Two phases of discharges with current prepulse are studied: the preionization phase only in which time-integrated spectra of C II–C IV emission are recorded and time resolution of the heating phase after onset of the main current pulse using C III and C IV line emission. Experimentally obtained, n=3–4, 3–3, line ratios are fitted with collisional radiative, ADAS computations of line intensity ratios as a function of electron temperature, density, ne and variable confinement, τ. All levels up to n=5 are included with the influence of higher levels also accounted for. Deviations from coronal balance give an effective value for the product 〈neτ〉. As a result, the electron temperature of the preionized coronal plasma is estimated at Te=5 eV at a density of ne(approximate)1017 cm−3. The temperature rises to about 12 eV at the same density after the start of the main current with prepulse. Similar analytic techniques are applied to time-integrated C V and C VI XUV resonance lines from the main pinch and give plasma parameters in accord with the x-ray continuum diagnostics. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149630
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vacuum ultraviolet, extreme ultraviolet, and x-ray line intensity normalization technique applied to tokamak plasmas : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 317-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An empirical procedure, "LINT," for relating emission line intensities of intrinsic impurity ions to their elemental contributions to the total, bolometric, radiation loss and the volume-averaged effective ion charge, Zeff, has been developed and applied to limiter plasmas in the JET tokamak. In this article we discuss extensions to the data base to include x-ray lines and continua intensities, applicable to a wider range of tokamak plasma configurations such as X-point plasmas and quasi-steady-state, edge-cooled ELMy H modes. Examples are shown of the technique applied to reference discharges during which the plasma configuration is changed continuously. The total data set, comprising line and continua irradiances, tomographic bolometry, and x-ray emission and Zeff imposes constraints on the diffusion parameters used in models of impurity ion transport. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149443
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative spectroscopy of x-ray lines and continua in Tokamaks (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1734-1738 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Crystal and synthetic multilayer diffractors, deployed either as flat Bragg reflectors, or curved, as in the Johann configuration, are used to study the spectrum of COMPASS-D and other tokamaks in the wavelength region of 1–100 Å. In this article, we concentrate on the measurement of absolute photon fluxes and the derivation of volume emissivities of the lines and continua in the x-ray region. The sensitivities of these instruments to absolute photon flux have been constructed ab initio from the individual component efficiencies, including published values of the diffractor reflectivities, which have been checked or supplemented by measurements using a double-axis goniometer or from line branching ratios. For those tokamak plasmas, where the elemental abundances and effective ion charge are documented, the x-ray continuum intensity itself has been used as a calibration source to derive absolute instrument sensitivity, in reasonable agreement with the ab initio method. In the COMPASS-D Tokamak, changes in the effective ion charge state, Zeff, have been derived for different operating conditions, from the absolute intensity of the continuum at ∼4 Å. From the radiances of the line emission, changes in the absolute level of impurities following "boronization" of the vacuum vessel have also been documented. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147983
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative spectroscopy of x-ray lines and continua in tokamaks (abstract) : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1063-1063 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Crystal and synthetic multilayer diffractors, deployed either as flat Bragg reflectors, or curved, as in the Johann configuration, have been used to study the spectrum of COMPASS-D and other tokamaks in the wavelength region 1–100 Å. In particular, line emission from CIXVI and other He-like ions of the third atomic period elements have been shown to be a rich source of diagnostic information on ion transport and impurity ion accumulation, ion and electron temperatures, and plasma fluid velocities. In this article, we concentrate on the measurement of absolute photon fluxes and the derivation of volume emissivities of the lines and continua in the x-ray region. The sensitivities of these instruments to absolute photon flux are constructed from the individual component efficiencies, including published values of the diffractor reflectivities. Where diffractors have been used for which there is no published information, the reflectivity is measured using a double-axis goniometer or from line branching ratios. Changes in the effective ion charge state, Zeff, have been derived for different operating conditions, from the absolute intensity of the continuum at ∼4 Å in COMPASS-D. From the irradiances of the line emission, changes in the absolute level of impurities following "boronization" of the vacuum vessel have been documented.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147916
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-axis goniometer for reflectivity measurements of x-ray diffractors used in fusion researcha) (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1175-1179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Quantitative measurements of the line and continua emissivities and the analyses of spectral line profiles are essential steps in the interpretation of the x-ray emission from high-temperature fusion plasmas. One method of placing the emissivities on an absolute basis is to use an absolutely calibrated spectrometer to record the data. The overall sensitivity of the spectrometer can be constructed in terms of the efficiencies of its separate components, the most intractable being Rc, the reflection integral of the diffractor. To this end, a new, compact, two-axis diffractometer, incorporating modern robotic technology, such as direct-drive servomotors with closed-loop operation from built-in arcsec optical encoders, has been constructed. Improved features of this double-axis goniometer include the use of fixed line-of-sight x-ray sources with the capability of operation in the (1,−1) parallel, nondispersive mode or the antiparallel, (1,+1), dispersive mode. The diffractometer is now being used to calibrate x-ray diffractors, filters, mirrors, and detectors associated with x-ray spectroscopy of fusion plasmas. At certain wavelengths, where line branching ratios involving visible transitions are available, the fusion plasma may itself be used as a transfer standard of x-ray luminosity, allowing an independent check on the diffractometer values of Rc. Applications to the analyses of impurity concentrations in tokamaks are described while future applications of the diffractometer to radiation damage studies of x-ray and optical components [Hill et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 5032 (1992)] used in D-T burning plasma experiments are envisaged. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146001
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-axis goniometer for reflectivity measurements of x-ray diffractors used in fusion research (abstract)a) : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 529-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Quantitative measurements of the line and continua emissivities and the analyses of spectral line profiles are essential steps in the interpretation of the x-ray emission from high-temperature fusion plasmas. One method of placing the emissivities on an absolute basis is to use an absolutely calibrated spectrometer to record the data. The overall sensitivity of the spectrometer can be constructed in terms of the efficiencies of its separate components, the most intractable being Rc, the reflection integral of the diffractor. To this end, a new, compact, two-axis diffractometer, incorporating modern robotic technology, such as direct-drive servomotors with closed-loop operation from built-in arcsec optical encoders, has been constructed. Improved features of this double-axis goniometer include the use of fixed line-of-sight x-ray sources with the capability of operation in the (1,−1) parallel, nondispersive mode or the antiparallel, (1,+1), dispersive mode. The diffractometer is now being used to calibrate x-ray diffractors, filters, mirrors, and detectors associated with x-ray spectroscopy of fusion plasmas. At certain wavelengths, where line branching ratios involving visible transitions are available, the fusion plasma may itself be used as a transfer standard of x-ray luminosity, allowing an independent check on the diffractometer values of Rc. Applications to the analyses of impurity concentrations in tokamaks are described while future applications of the diffractometer to radiation damage studies of x-ray and optical components [Hill et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 5032 (1992)] used in D-T burning plasma experiments are envisaged. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146339
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A phase I study of docetaxel and 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced solid malignancies (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 10 (1999), S. 223-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: docetaxel ; 5-fluorouracil ; phase I
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of administering docetaxel (Taxotere; Rhône- Poulenc-Rorer) as a one-hour intravenous (i.v.) infusion on day 1 combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as a bolus i.v. injection for five (days 1–5) or three (days 1–3) consecutive days every four weeks. Patients and methods: Thirty-seven patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with 115 total courses involving seven dose levels of the two regimens of docetaxel and 5-FU (docetaxel/5-FU [mg/m2]/mg/m2/d]). In an effort to reduce fluid retention and hypersensitivity phenomena related to docetaxel, patients received premedication with dexamethasone 8 mg orally twice daily for three consecutive days beginning 24 hours before treatment. Results: Severe (grade 4) neutropenia lasting longer than seven days with or without fever and/or severe mucositis, precluded further dose escalation above docetaxel 60 mg/m2 on day 1 and 5-FU 300 mg/m2/day administered on days 1–5 every four weeks. The rates of these toxic effects were also unacceptably high above docetaxel 60 mg/m2 on day 1 and 5- FU 300 mg/m2/day administered on days 1–3 every four weeks. Nine patients experienced various manifestations of fluid- retention that were potentially related to study drugs. However, neither treatment delay nor discontinuation of treatment was required. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue, were mild to modest in severity and occurred infrequently (〈10% of courses). Two patients with metastatic breast cancer experienced complete responses and a partial response occurred in a patient with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the regimen of docetaxel 60 mg/m2 on day 1 followed by 5-FU 300 mg/m2/d i.v. for three or five days every four weeks is well tolerated and these doses are recommended for further evaluations. The feasibility of administering docetaxel 60 mg/m2 followed by 5-FU 300 mg/m2 for three or five days every four weeks and the preliminary antitumor activity noted indicate that further disease-directed studies of docetaxel and 5-FU are warranted in patients with relevant solid malignancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008356025108
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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