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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Milia-like idiopathic calcinosis cutis: an unusual dermatosis associated with Down syndrome (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 134 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We describe two boys affected by Down syndrome (DS), who showed milia-like idiopathic calcinosis cutis (MICC). The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. All reported cases are reviewed and compared. Syringeal structures play a significant part in the pathogenesis of this dermatosis. MICC appears to be a poorly recognized condition which, rarely, is associated with DS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-762.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors related to the development of sensitization to green coffee and castor bean allergens among coffee workers (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 25 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Occupational allergic respiratory symptoms in coffee workers have been frequently reported, but the ultimate cause of sensilization is still debated, castor bean being considered besides green coffee beans. Atopy and cigarette smoking have been suggested as promoting factors of sensitizalion for several occupational allergens. Objective This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of allergic respiratory symptoms and of sensitization to both green coffee beans and castor bean in the whole workforce of a coffee manufacturing plant. Furthermore we wanted to ascertain both the presence of castor bean antigens in the settled dust of the green coffee beans warehouse and the possible crossreactivity between the two beans. Meanwhile, the effect of smoking and atopy was considered.Method: Two-hundred and eleven workers were examined. A questionnaire on oculorhinitis and asthma was administered and skin-prick tests for green coffee beans, castor bean and 15 common inhalant allergens were carried out. Isoelectric focusing, isoelectric focusing immunoblot and radioallergosorbent assay (RAST) inhibition were performed on samples of settled environmental dust from the green coffee area, as well as on castor bean and green coffee beans.Results Ten per cent of the workers complained of oculorhinitis alone and 16% of asthma (nearly always associated with oculorhinitis). The overall prevalence of skin-sensitization was: 15% for green coffee beans, 22% for castor bean, 22% for common allergens. Evidence of sensitization to occupational allergens was more common in smokers, with a more than twofold increase in relative risk. The strong association between skin positivity to common and occupational allergens suggests that atopy acts as an enhancing host factor towards occupational sensitization. The analysis of the dust confirmed the presence of castor bean antigens.Conclusion Our findings indicate that castor bean is the major cause of occupational sensitization among coffee workers, whereas smoking and atopy act as enhancing factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01112.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of trace amounts of water on the viscosity of rhyolites (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 60 (1998), S. 89-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words Rhyolite ; Calc-alkaline ; Peralkaline ; Viscosity ; Water ; Activation energy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  As a major volatile in volcanic systems, water has a significant influence on the rheological properties of silicic magmas. This is especially so at minor water contents relevant to the emplacement of silicic lavas. To investigate the influence of water on the viscosity of natural rhyolitic obsidians, a novel strategy has been adopted employing parallel-plate and micropenetration techniques. Viscosities have been determined on three types of material: (a) raw water-bearing obsidians; (b) remelted (1650  °C, 1 atm) degassed glasses of the obsidians; and (c) hydrothermally hydrated (1300  °C, 3 kbar) obsidians. Ten natural rhyolitic obsidians (peraluminous, calc-alkaline and peralkaline) were employed: seven originated from lava flows and contained 〈0.2 wt.% H2O, two samples were F-rich from pyroclastic successions, and one was an obsidian cobble with 1.5 wt.% water also associated with pyroclastic units. Melt compositions and water contents were stable during viscometry. The measured decreases in activation energies of viscous flow and viscosity with small amounts of water are much greater than the Shaw calculation scheme predicts. In addition, a marked non-linear decrease in η exists with increasing water content. In contrast to the case for peralkaline rhyolites, 0.1–0.2 wt.% water decreases activation energies significantly (up to 30%) for calc-alkaline compositions. These results have important implications for the ease of near-surface degassing of silicic magmas during emplacement and permit the testing of calculational models for viscosity, largely based on synthetic systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004450050218
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific inhalation challenge with wheat flour in workers with suspected baker's asthma (1999)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 72 (1999), S. 335-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Baker's asthma ; Specific inhalation challenge test ; Airborne wheat flour dust
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of the specific inhalation challenge test (SIC) in 160 subjects with suspected baker's asthma and to assess its relation to total flour dust levels and to personal characteristics such as specific skin sensitisation, non-specific bronchial hyper-responsiveness (NSBH) and atopy. Methods: We investigated the outcome of SIC tests performed with wheat flour in six Italian laboratories. For each subject, data was available regarding skin sensitisation to wheat flour, NSBH, atopy, forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1) monitoring and airborne flour dust in the challenge chamber measured by the gravimetric method (total dust in mg/m3). Results: The SIC test was positive for early asthma in 42 subjects (26%) and for late/dual asthma in 18 (11%). Positive outcome to SIC was significantly associated with NBSH (odds ratio, OR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.6–7.7) and skin sensitisation to wheat flour (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.3–7.0). Exposure level to wheat flour was less than or equal to 10 mg/m3 in 12% of individuals, ranged between 11 and 30 mg/m3 in 43% and exceeded 30 mg/m3 in 45%. The outcome of SIC was always negative among workers not skin sensitised to wheat flour and without NSBH and atopy. An increasing prevalence of positive SIC was observed among workers with one or more of the above-mentioned personal characteristics whose challenge exposure was greater than 10 mg/m3 (P 〈 0.001). Conclusion: Procedures currently adopted for wheat flour dust exposure during SIC need to be better standardised in order to avoid excessive airborne dust exposure. Over-exposure seems to be of no use for the diagnosis and risks making the asthmatic reaction worse, particularly in patients who are both sensitised to wheat allergens and have NSBH and/or atopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050384
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of water on the viscosity of a haplogranitic melt under P-T-X conditions relevant to silicic volcanism (1996)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 124 (1996), S. 19-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The viscosities of hydrous haplogranitic melts synthesized by hydrothermal fusion at 2 kbar pressure and 800 to 1040° C have been measured at temperatures just above the glass transition and at a pressure of 1 bar using micropenetration techniques. The micropenetration viscometry has been performed in the viscosity range of 109 Pa s to 1012 Pa s. The samples ranged in water content from 0.4 to 3.5 wt%. For samples with up to 2.5 wt% H2O, the water contents have been determined using infrared spectroscopy obtained before and after each viscometry experiment to be constant over the duration of the measurements. Above this water content a measurable loss of water occurs during the viscometry. The viscosity data illustrate an extremely nonlinear decrease in viscosity with added water. The viscosity drops drastically with the addition of 0.5 wt% of water and then shallows out at water contents of 2 wt%. An additional viscosity datum point obtained from the analysis of fluid inclusions in a water-saturated HPG8 confirms a near invariance of the viscosity with the addition of water between 2 and 6 wt%. These measurements may be compared directly with the data of Hess et al. (1995, in press) for the effects of excess alkali and alkaline earth oxides on the viscosity of HPG8 (also obtained at 1 bar). The viscosity of the melts, compared on an equivalent molar basis, increases in the order H2O〈(Li2O〈Na2O〈 K2O〈Rb2O,Cs2O〈BaO〈SrO〈CaO〈MgO〈 BeO). The extraordinary decrease in melt viscosity with added water is poorly reproduced by the calculation scheme of Shaw (1972) for the range of water contents investigated here. The speciation of water in the quenched glasses can be used to quantify the dependence of the viscosity on hydroxyl content. Considering only the hydroxyl groups as active fluidizers in the hydrous melts the nonlinearity of the viscosity decrease and the difference with the effects of the alkali oxides becomes larger. Consequences for degassing calcalkaline rhyolite are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050170
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The temperature dependence of the speciation of water in NaAlSi3O8-KAlSi3O8 melts: an application of fictive temperatures derived from synthetic fluid-inclusions (1995)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 122 (1995), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The speciation of water dissolved in glasses along the join NaAlSi3O8-KAlSi3O8 has been investigated using infrared spectroscopy. Hydrous melts have been hydrothermally synthesized by chemical equilibration of cylinders of bubble-free anhydrous start glasses with water at 1040° C and 2 kbar. These melts have been isobarically and rapidly (200° C/s) “drop”-quenched to room temperature and then subsequently depressurized. The speciation of water in the quenched glasses reflects the state of water speciation at a temperature (the so-called fictive temperature) where the quenched-in structure of the glasses closely corresponds to the melt structure at equilibrium. This fictive temperature is detectable as the macroscopically measureable glass transition temperature of these melt compositions. A separate set of experiments using vesicular samples of the same chemistry has precisely defined the glass transition temperature of these melts (±5° C) on the basis of homogenization temperatures for water-filled fluid inclusions (Romano et al. 1994). The spectroscopic data on the speciation of water in these quenched glasses has been quantified using experimentally determined absorptivities for OH and H2O for each individual melt composition. The knowledge of glass transition temperatures, together with quantitative speciation data permits an analysis of the temperature dependence of the water speciation over the 113° C range of fictive temperatures obtained for these water-saturated melts. The variation of water speciation, cast as the equilibrium constant K where K = [H2O] [O m ]/[OH]2 is plotted versus the fictive temperature of the melt to obtain the temperature dependence of speciation. Such a plot describes a single linear trend of the logarithm of the equilibrium constant versus reciprocal temperature, implying that the exchange of K for Na has little influence on melt speciation of water. The enthalpy derived from temperature dependence is 36.5(±5) kJ/mol. The results indicate a large variation in speciation with temperature and an insensitivity of the speciation to the K–Na exchange.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saethre-Chotzen syndrome: a clinical, EEG and neuroradiological study (1996)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 12 (1996), S. 699-704 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Saethre-Chotzen syndrome ; EEG ; Seizures ; CT scan ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Saethre-Chotzen syndrome is a form of acrocephalosyndactyly with autosomal dominant inheritance, characterized by craniosynostosis, facial asymmetry, palpebral ptosis, deviated nasal septum, partial cutaneous syndactyly, and various skeletal abnormalities. We studied in detail the neurological, EEG, and neuroradiological features of a group of 11 (6 male, 5 female) patients with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Four subjects were affected by seizures; they had paroxysmal EEG abnormalities, and gross neuroimaging revealed destructive brain lesions or malformations. Our findings suggest that CNS involvement in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome might be more severe than previously reported and support the wider use of neurophysiological and neuroimaging techniques in the study of children with this syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366154
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