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Eotaxin levels and eosinophils in guinea pig broncho-alveolar lavage fluid are increased at the onset of a viral respiratory infection (1999)

Scheerens, J. ; Folkerts, G. ; Van Der Linde, H. ; [et al.]

Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd

Clinical & experimental allergy 29 (1999), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2222

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: In previous studies we found that guinea pigs demonstrate an increase in airway reactivity and eosinophil numbers 4 days after a respiratory infection with parainfluenza-3 (PI3) virus. Clinical data support the possible involvement of eosinophils in virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Eotaxin, a newly discovered chemokine, could be involved in eosinophil migration to the airways. In this study, eosinophil numbers were counted in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and related with eotaxin concentrations in BAL fluid 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after intratracheal PI3 virus administration. On day 1, blood eosinophils increased by more than 200% (P 〈 0.01). The number of eosinophils were only slightly enhanced from day 2 to day 4 (40%–70%). BAL fluid eosinophils were not increased on day 1 but were significantly elevated on day 2 (180%) and remained high on days 3–4 (〉300%, P 〈 0.05). This increase in lung eosinophils correlated well with eotaxin levels measured in BAL fluid. There was no significant increase in eotaxin on day 1 following PI3 infection; however, on days 2–4 eotaxin levels in BAL fluid were significantly elevated (four–sixfold increase) when compared with medium inoculated controls. Eotaxin appears to play an important role in eosinophil accumulation in guinea pig lung following PI3 infection.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00012.x

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The partitioning of copper between silicate melts and two-phase aqueous fluids: An experimental investigation at 1 kbar, 800° C and 0.5 kbar, 850° C (1995)

Williams, T. J. ; Candela, Philip A. ; Piccoli, Philip M.

Springer

Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 121 (1995), S. 388-399

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ISSN: 1432-0967

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Experiments were performed in the three phase system high-silica rhyolite melt+low-salinity aqueous vapor+hydrosaline brine, to investigate the partitioning equilibria for copper in magmatic-hydrothermal systems at 800° C and 1 kbar, and 850° C and 0.5 kbar. Daqm/mlt Cu and apparent equilibrium constants, Kaqm/mlt Cu,Na, between the aqueous mixture (aqm=quenched vapor+brine) and the silicate melt (mlt) are calculated. Daqm/mlt Cu increases with increasing aqueous chloride concentration and is a function of pressure. Kaqm/mlt Cu,Na=215(±73) at 1 kbar and 800° C and Kaqm/mlt Cu,Na=11(±6) at 0.5 kbar and 850°C. Decreasing pressure from 1 to 0.5 kbar lowers Kaqm/mlt Cu,Na by a factor of approximately 20. Data revealed no difference in Kaqm/mlt Cu,Na or Daqm/mlt Cu as a function of the melt aluminium saturation index. Within the 2-phase field the Kaqm/mlt Cu,Na show no variation with total aqueous chloride, indicating that copper-sodium exchange between the vapor, brine and silicate melt is independent of the mass proportion of vapor and brine. Model copper-sodium apparent equilibrium constants for the hydrosaline brine and the silicate melt revealed a negative dependence on pressure. Model apparent equilibrium constants for copper-sodium exchange between the brine and vapor were close to unity at 1 kbar and 800° C.