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  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The measurement of reticular basement membrane and submucosal collagen in the asthmatic airway (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background An increase in types III and V collagen below the bronchial epilhelium of the airway is known to be responsible for apparent thickening of the reticular basement membrane (RBM) and is recognized as a characteristic feature of asthma. Wide variations exist in reported ranges of the thickness of the RBM in both asthmatic and control airways. The description of collagen deposition has been confined to the RBM with no previous reports of increased collagen deeper within the bronchial wall (i.e. submucosa), although inflammation is known to extend to deeper levels.Objective The objective of this study was to compare different methods used to measure RBM thickness and to examine collagen deposition in deeper asthtnatic bronchial submucosa.Methods We examined bronchial mucosal biopsies from 15 asthmatic and 13 normal healthy controls to measure RBM thickness by light and electron microscopic methods on resin sections and to estimate the extent of collagen deposition in the submucosa by immunochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies to collagen subtypes on paraffin sections.Resutts Simple staining with toluidine blue on resin sections coupled with light microscopic evaluation was as accurate and less expensive than electron microscopic methods in the measurement of the thickness of RBM (mean ± sd, light tnicroscopy: asthma vs control. 6.01 ± 2.09 vs 3.19 ± 0.55 μm,P 〈 0.001; electron microscopy: asthma vs control. 6.09 ± 2.19 vs 2.85 ± 0.86 μm, P 〈 0.01). Using monoclonal antibodies to collagen subtypes and image analysis methods, we identified increased collagen in the submucosa in asthma (type III collagen, asthma vs control: 62 ± 7 vs 51 ± 9%,P 〈 0.05, type V collagen, asthma vs control: 60 ± 6 vs 52 ± 9%, P 〈 0.05).Conctusions This study has demonstrated that the RBM may be reliably measured by light microscopic methods. This study shows for the first time that the submucosa of the asthmatic airway contains significantly more collagen than nonnal controls, giving rise to the possibility that airway scar formation may have greater functional implications than has been previously believed from consideration of the RBM alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb00720.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colony-stimulating factors in septic shock (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. S30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions Plasma levels of G-CSF and IL-6 were substantially elevated early in septic shock, but were not independently predictive of subsequent organ failure or patient survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01921204
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Issues in protection from galactic cosmic rays (1995)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 34 (1995), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Radiation risks to astronauts depend on the microscopic fluctuations of energy absorption events in specific tissues. These fluctuations depend not only on the space environment but also on the modifications of that environment by the shielding provided by structures surrounding the astronauts and the attenuation characteristics of the astronaut's body. The effects of attenuation within the shield and body depends on the tissue biological response to these microscopic fluctuations. In the absence of an accepted method for estimating astronaut risk, we examined the attenuation characteristics using conventional linear energy transfer (LET)-dependent quality factors (as one means of representing relative biological effectiveness, RBE) and a track-structure repair model to fit cell transformation (and inactivation) data in the C3H10 T1/2 mouse cell system obtained for various ion beams. Although the usual aluminum spacecraft shield is effective in reducing dose equivalent with increasing shield thickness, cell transformation rates are increased for thin aluminum shields. Clearly, the exact nature of the biological response to LET and track width is critical to evaluation of biological protection factors provided by a shield design. A significant fraction of biological injury results from the LET region above 100 keV/µm. Uncertainty in nuclear cross-sections results in a factor of 2–3 in the transmitted LET spectrum beyond depths of 15 g/cm2, but even greater uncertainty is due to the combined effects of uncertainty in biological response and nuclear parameters. Clearly, these uncertainties must be reduced before the shield design can be finalised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01209745
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Green's function method for heavy ion beam transport (1995)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 34 (1995), S. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abtract The use of Green's function has played a fundamental role in transport calculations for high-charge high-energy (HZE) ions. Two recent developments have greatly advanced the practical aspects of implementation of these methods. The first was the formulation of a closedform solution as a multiple fragmentation perturbation series. The second was the effective summation of the closedform solution through nonperturbative techniques. The nonperturbative methods have been recently extended to an inhomogeneous, two-layer transport media to simulate the lead scattering foil present in the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories (LBL) biomedical beam line used for cancer therapy. Such inhomogeneous codes are necessary for astronaut shielding in space. The transport codes utilize the Langley Research Center atomic and nuclear database. Transport code and database evaluation are performed by comparison with experiments performed at the LBL Bevalac facility using 670A MeV20Ne and 600A MeV56Fe ion beams. The comparison with a time-of-flight and ΔE detector measurement for the20Ne beam and the plastic nuclear track detectors for56Fe show agreement up to 35%–40% in water and aluminium targets, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01211542
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical localization of BAX and BAD in the normal and BCL-2 null gastrointestinal tract (1996)
    Springer
    Apoptosis 1 (1996), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-675X
    Keywords: Apoptosis ; BAD ; BAX ; gastrointestinal tract ; stem cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract BAX and BAD are members of the BCL-2 family of proteins. The over-expression of BAX protein has been shown to accelerate apoptosis and increasedbax mRNA levels have also been shown to be associated with the initiation of apoptosis. BAD has also been shown to accelerate apoptosis. In this paper we describe the localization of BAD and BAX expression throughout the gastrointestinal tract of the mouse and the effect that BCL-2 has on the expression of these two proteins. We have discussed the distribution of BAX and BAD in relation to the differences between the small and large bowel in (i) the susceptibility of stem cells to apoptosis and (ii) tumour incidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01321101
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deformation Mechanism of the Underground Excavations at the WIPP Site (1999)
    Springer
    Rock mechanics and rock engineering 32 (1999), S. 101-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-453X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Summary The deformational behavior of underground excavations in rock salt is difficult to predict because of the time-dependent properties of rock salt, and its response to many other parameters, which influence its behavior. To investigate the influence of important parameters such as time, temperature, geology, opening geometry, excavation sequence, and effects of the immediate roof layer on underground excavations in rock salt, deformation measurements from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) were used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s006030050027
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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