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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Purkinje cell ; Immunohistochemistry ; Axon ; Phenytoin ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study describes the identification and the ultrastructural and numerical evolution of Purkinje cell axonal swellings induced by phenytion. Thirty male C57BI/6J mice received phenytion orally in doses up to 100 mg/kg daily and were killed after 3, 6, 10, 14, and 48 days of treatment. Light and electron microscopic investigations as well as morphometric analysis of cut surface area and numerical density of axonal swellings were performed. The swellings appeared as early as 6 days after initiation of treatment and gradually increased in size and frequency. Use of an anti-lymphocyte monoclonal antibody (CD 3), specifically cross-reacting with Purkinje cells, identified the swellings as dystrophic Purkinje cell axons. On grounds of their ultrastructural appearance they were classified into three distinct types occurring at different time intervals after phenytoin exposure. At 6 days, most axonal swellings contained loosely aggregated membranous vesicles and tubules in a finely granulated matrix (type 1). At 14 days, larger axonal swellings appeared characterized by the presence of three-dimensional networks of branched and anastomosing membranous tubules (type 2). At 48 days, even larger axons contained bodies of highly condensed membranous material of sometimes paracrystalline appearance (type 3). It is suggested that phenytoin-induced axonal pathology of Purkinje cells is a dynamic process characterized by the progressive accumulation of proliferating membranous material arranged in an increasingly complex fashion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 287-288 (Aug. 1998), p. 493-496 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefässchirurgie 12 (1998), S. 276-281 
    ISSN: 0930-9225
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Myasthenia gravis – Myasthene Krise – Intensivtherapie ; Key words myasthenia gravis – myasthenic crisis – intensive care
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Myasthenic crisis is a lifethreatening complication of myasthenia gravis due to respiratory failure and inability to swallow and cough up secretions. Frequent causes are intercurrent infections, fluctuations due to the natural history of the disease and insufficient immunosuppressive treatment prior to the crisis. Early referral to an experienced neurologist is essential. Specific therapy consists of symptomatic treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors, crisis management with plasmapheresis or immunoglobulins and immunosuppression with clucocorticoids. Infections must be treated vigorously. Thymectomy in patients with previously unrecognized myasthenia gravis is never urgently indicated and should be postponed until the patient is stabilized. In cases of impending respiratory failure and severe swallowing difficulties, early and elective admission to a specialized neurological intensive care unit and elective intubation should be performed. Adequate nursing care of intubated patients and a set of prophylactic measures are essential to avoid complications adversely affecting prognosis. Whenever it can be achieved, the best therapy of myasthenic crisis is its prevention by appropriate long-term management and follow-up of patients with myasthenia gravis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Krisenhafte Verschlechterungen einer Myasthenia gravis können insbesondere aufgrund einer Ateminsuffizienz und einer Schluckstörung mit Aspirationsgefahr lebensbedrohlich sein. Auslöser sind häufig interkurrente Infektionen, eine Verschlechterung durch den natürlichen Verlauf der Erkrankung oder eine unzureichende immunsuppressive Behandlung der Myasthenie. Die Einweisung in eine in der Behandlung der Myasthenia gravis erfahrene neurologische Klinik ist dann erforderlich und darf keinesfalls verzögert werden. Die spezifische Akuttherapie besteht in der symptomatischen Medikation mit Cholinesterasehemmern, der Krisenintervention mit Plasmapherese oder intravenöser hochdosierter Gabe von Immunglobulinen und Immunsuppressionen mit Glukokortikoiden. Infektionen müssen konsequent behandelt werden. Die Thymektomie ist nie notfallmäßig indiziert und soll erst nach Stabilisierung des Patienten erfolgen. Falls eine bedrohliche Atem- oder Schluckstörung nicht aufgehalten werden kann, soll die Verlegung auf eine fachneurologische Intensivstation und ggfs. Die Intubation rechtzeitig und elektiv nach Aufklärung des Patienten durchgeführt werden. Wichtig sind eine sorgfältige Pflege und prophylaktische Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Infektionen, Beinvenenthrombosen und psychischen Komplikationen, um die an sich günstige Prognose nicht zu gefährden. Die beste Therapie besteht möglichst jedoch in der Prävention der myasthenen Krise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Memory and Language 27 (1988), S. 416-428 
    ISSN: 0749-596X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Chemical Physics Letters 59 (1978), S. 298-302 
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 49 (1957), S. 2017-2018 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 2048-2050 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the improvement of quantum cascade lasers emitting at λ∼5 μm by introducing AlAs blocking barriers together with strain-compensating InAs layers into the active regions. The blocking barriers are designed to selectively prevent electrons in the initial laser state from tunneling out of the active region, while maintaining the high tunneling probabilities of the electrons in the final laser states. Adopting blocking barriers, the maximum peak power per facet at 77 K (300 K) is increased from 285 (30 mW) to 900 mW (240 mW), and the maximum operation temperature in pulsed mode has been improved from 320 to 350 K with respect to a reference sample without blocking barriers. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 1951-1953 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on the fabrication and characterization of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes with a staggered type II Ga1−xInxAs/GaAs1−ySby superlattice (SL) as the active region. SLs were grown strain compensated on the InP substrate using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The LEDs show room-temperature electroluminescence up to 2.14 μm, the index-guided diode lasers displayed cw laser emission at 1.71 μm up to 300 K. The spontaneous emission spectrum was found to show a significant blueshift with increasing injection current density, resulting in shorter laser emission wavelengths for the diode laser than for the LED. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 1581-1583 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Strained single- and triple-quantum-well (SQW and TQW), large optical cavity GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb/GaSb laser diodes emitting at 2.26 μm are investigated. Internal loss coefficients as low as 5 and 7.7 cm−1 for the SQW and TQW, respectively, and relatively high internal quantum efficiencies of 65% (SQW) and 69% (TQW) were obtained. Extrapolated threshold current densities for infinite cavity lengths of 55 and 150 A/cm2 have been deduced for the SQW and TQW, respectively. These values scale very well with the number of QWs and are among the lowest reported for diode lasers in this wavelength range. A differential quantum efficiency as high as 50% and a total power efficiency of 23% were achieved at 280 K. The temperature dependence of the threshold current density revealed a high characteristic temperature of 110 K. Single-ended output powers of 240 mW in continuous-wave mode and exceeding 0.5 W in pulsed operation were obtained for a TQW laser with high-reflection/antireflection coated facets at 280 K, mounted substrate-side down. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 45 (1967), S. 247-249 
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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