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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 2635-2637 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The polarity is found to be a key parameter for the growth of high quality epitaxial GaN films on sapphire (00.1) substrates. A model is suggested which may consistently explain the observed influence of the process parameters on the polar orientation of the epitaxial film. A simple etching technique is proposed for quick distinction of the film polarity. The assignment of the etching behavior to the proper crystal structure is achieved by an analysis of the respective two-dimensional photoelectron diffraction patterns. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 509-520 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present here an experimental and theoretical study of the application of two-dimensional exchange nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to the investigation of the rotational diffusion of colloidal particles. The theoretical discussion includes the nature of the NMR frequency time-correlation function where the NMR interaction is represented by the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA). Time-correlation functions for the isotropic rotational diffusion of a suspension of colloidal particles containing single and multiple sites are derived in addition to time-correlation functions for the rotational diffusion of a suspension of symmetric top particles containing an isotropic distribution of a single CSA interaction. Simulations of two-dimensional exchange spectra for particles undergoing isotropic rotational diffusion are presented. We performed two-dimensional exchange NMR experiments on a colloidal suspension of spherical poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles which were synthesized with a 20% enrichment in 13C at the carbonyl site. Rotational diffusion time-correlation functions determined from the experimental exchange spectra are consistent with the composition of the colloidal suspension. Detailed explanations of the syntheses of the enriched methyl 13C-(carbonyl)-methacrylate monomer and the small quantities of 20% enriched 13C-(carbonyl)-poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres used for this study are presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 9844-9854 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In switched-angle spinning spectroscopy (SAS) a sample is spun about different angles, β, relative to the magnetic field, during various periods of the experiment. In the present work, SAS is combined with two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy in order to correlate carbon-13 chemical shift tensors of the carbonyl (1) and hydroxyl (2) carbons of tropolone. Experiments were performed on a sample enriched to 25 at. % in each of these sites (at different molecules). At this level of enrichment the dominant exchange mechanism between the two sites involves spin diffusion. The experiment consists of a preparation period during which the sample spins at the magic angle and the magnetization of one of the sites is quenched by means of a selective pulse sequence. During the rest of the experiment the sample spins with its axis away from the magic angle except for a short period just before the detection where the axis is switched to the magic angle in order to select the magnetization to be detected. Experiments were performed for all four possible combinations of the initial and final magnetizations, thus providing chemical shift correlations between carbons 1,1′, 2, and 2′ in the two magnetically inequivalent (but symmetry related) molecules in the unit cell. Combining these results with the known crystal structure of tropolone (neglecting a small tilt between the perpendicular to the molecular plane and the crystallographic c-axis) provides information on the orientation and magnitude of the chemical shift tensors of the two types of carbons. The principal values (in ppm) are σ1xx=65, σ1yy=33, σ1zz=−98, σ2xx=77, σ2yy=17, and σ2zz=−94. Assuming σzz to be perpendicular to the molecular plane, the orientations of the σyy's are 12° off the C1=0 bond (toward the hydroxyl carbon) for carbon 1 and 10° off the C3=C2 bond (away from the carbonyl carbon) for carbon 2. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 14942-14948 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 6661-6669 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Annals of public and cooperative economics 70 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8292
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Innovation as the driving force behind the economic growth of high-income countries has almost exclusively been researched for the private enterprise sector. Nonproft organizations as a growing sector also have to be assessed for their contribution. They are first grouped by their different outputs (proximity to public versus private good provision). Next, for each output group fields of activities are identified, which exhibit differences in management regimes and incentive structure. This leads to hypotheses (and some empirical evidence) on innovative behavior and on barriers to innovation. The result: Their potential for contributing is far from being fully used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 3890-3893 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 6791-6799 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: CHD2 groups in aspirin are studied by single-crystal deuteron NMR at temperatures between 7 and 290 K. They perform stochastic reorientations which are governed by a rotational potential possessing three wells, two of which are almost equally deep whereas the third is significantly higher. The three minima of the rotational potential are separated by angles substantially different from 120°. Still, at least in the two lower wells, the geometry of the CHD2 groups is close to that of a symmetric rotor. By selective magnetization transfer experiments, the incoherent tunneling rate between the two lower potential wells is determined. At temperatures below 15 K, Raman processes are the dominating rotor-phonon coupling mechanism, while at higher temperatures, thermally activated processes with activation energies close to the total potential height prevail. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 108 (1998), S. 5845-5854 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Partially deuterated methyl groups in single crystals of aspirin are investigated by deuteron NMR at temperatures between 8 K and room temperature. The CH2D groups perform reorientations which are governed by a rotational potential with three wells, two of which are almost equally deep whereas the third is significantly deeper. At temperatures below 20 K, a so far unobserved type of incoherent tunneling process is identified. This process consists in reorientations between the two upper potential wells which are fast on the time scale of the quadrupolar interaction, whereas transitions into the deeper well are slow on this time scale. At temperatures above 35 K, the methyl groups perform thermally activated stochastic reorientations between all three potential wells. By determining the relative populations of the three wells as a function of temperature, the energy difference between the lower and the two upper wells is found to be 3.3 meV. This amounts to almost 8% of the average barrier height, which is determined from the temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation time to be 43 meV. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 0-0 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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