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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 115 (1993), S. 4825-4829 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 82 (1960), S. 689-693 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 83 (1961), S. 1163-1167 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 150 (1988), S. 529-533 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Photosynthesis ; O2 evolution ; Photoinhibition ; Recovery ; Porphyridium cruentum ; Biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When Porphyridium cruentum cells were illuminated with high fluence rate between 1900 and 4800 μmol photons m-2s-1, a decrease in the photosynthetic activity of the cells was observed. Within the time frame of 20 min, and under the fluence rates studied, the sum of photons to be absorbed by cells (mg of chlorophyll (Chl), sufficient to initiate photoinhibition was calculated to be 9235.8 μmol. The minimal specific light absorption rate to initiate photoinhibition in P. cruentum ranges between 2.29 and 4.26 μmol photons s-1 mg-1 chl.a. There was a linear relationship between the specific rate of photoinhibition and the specific light absorption rate. A photon number of 2.56×104 μmol mg-1 chl.a photoinhibited photosynthesis instantaneously. At 15°C, no photoinhibitory effect was observed at 2300 μmol photons m-2 s-1 even after 45 min of illumination. At the other extreme of 35°C, 84% inhibition of photosynthetic activity was observed within 10 min of exposure to 2300 μmol photons m-2 s-1. Between 20 and 30°C, the photoinhibitory effect was comparable. Photoinhibited P. cruentum cells recovered readily when transferred to low light (90 μmol photons m-2 s-1) and darkness, and the specific rate of recovery was independent of the light intensity to which the cells were exposed, during the photoinhibitory treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Fermentation Technology 65 (1987), S. 159-172 
    ISSN: 0385-6380
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 1852-1864 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Slow, large-amplitude chain motions play an important role in determining the macroscopic mechanical properties of polymers. Although such motions have been studied quantitatively by two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) exchange experiments, overlapping anisotropic patterns hamper spectral analysis, and limit applications. Variable angle correlation spectroscopy (VACSY) has proven useful in resolving such problems for rapidly spinning samples by separating anisotropic spectral patterns according to isotropic chemical shifts. In a previous study [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 4825 (1993)], we described a three-dimensional (3D) NMR experiment that incorporates the VACSY method and a hop of the rotor axis to correlate the isotropic chemical shifts to 2D anisotropic exchange patterns. The hop of the rotor axis, however, presents experimental difficulties and limits the range of motional rates that may be studied. We present in this paper a new 3D VACSY exchange experiment that obtains the same correlations without the need for the rotor axis hop. A series of 2D exchange spectra are recorded with the sample spinning at different rotation axis angles. Then using the scaling of the anisotropic frequency at the different angles, we construct the data onto a 3D matrix so that a Fourier transformation directly yields the desired correlations. The technique is applied to 13C exchange NMR to study the slow molecular motion of ordered isotactic polypropylene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 101 (1994), S. 111-117 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We describe the application of a recently developed two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) technique, variable-angle correlation spectroscopy, to the analysis of molecular motions in complex unlabeled solids. This technique separates the broad anisotropic chemical shift line shapes of nuclei in a sample according to the isotropic shift of each site. It can therefore be used to characterize molecular reorientations by monitoring the changes that these processes introduce in the resolved powder patterns as a function of temperature. Using the 13C NMR anisotropies of dimethylsulfone as a test case, we explored the potential applications of following such an approach. It was found that in contrast to what happens in nonexchanging systems, the anisotropic line shapes resolved by the variable-angle technique on an exchanging solid are different from line shapes that at similar temperatures can be recorded from a nonrotating sample. An explanation for these differences is presented, and the complete theory required to extract kinetic and geometric information from the experimental 2D line shapes is introduced and illustrated with computer simulations. The capability of this approach to analyze motions in complex systems is further demonstrated with a natural-abundance 13C variable-temperature NMR analysis of L-tyrosine ethyl ester; a reorienting compound possessing up to 11 inequivalent carbon sites in the solid phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 9844-9854 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In switched-angle spinning spectroscopy (SAS) a sample is spun about different angles, β, relative to the magnetic field, during various periods of the experiment. In the present work, SAS is combined with two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy in order to correlate carbon-13 chemical shift tensors of the carbonyl (1) and hydroxyl (2) carbons of tropolone. Experiments were performed on a sample enriched to 25 at. % in each of these sites (at different molecules). At this level of enrichment the dominant exchange mechanism between the two sites involves spin diffusion. The experiment consists of a preparation period during which the sample spins at the magic angle and the magnetization of one of the sites is quenched by means of a selective pulse sequence. During the rest of the experiment the sample spins with its axis away from the magic angle except for a short period just before the detection where the axis is switched to the magic angle in order to select the magnetization to be detected. Experiments were performed for all four possible combinations of the initial and final magnetizations, thus providing chemical shift correlations between carbons 1,1′, 2, and 2′ in the two magnetically inequivalent (but symmetry related) molecules in the unit cell. Combining these results with the known crystal structure of tropolone (neglecting a small tilt between the perpendicular to the molecular plane and the crystallographic c-axis) provides information on the orientation and magnitude of the chemical shift tensors of the two types of carbons. The principal values (in ppm) are σ1xx=65, σ1yy=33, σ1zz=−98, σ2xx=77, σ2yy=17, and σ2zz=−94. Assuming σzz to be perpendicular to the molecular plane, the orientations of the σyy's are 12° off the C1=0 bond (toward the hydroxyl carbon) for carbon 1 and 10° off the C3=C2 bond (away from the carbonyl carbon) for carbon 2. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 509-520 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present here an experimental and theoretical study of the application of two-dimensional exchange nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to the investigation of the rotational diffusion of colloidal particles. The theoretical discussion includes the nature of the NMR frequency time-correlation function where the NMR interaction is represented by the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA). Time-correlation functions for the isotropic rotational diffusion of a suspension of colloidal particles containing single and multiple sites are derived in addition to time-correlation functions for the rotational diffusion of a suspension of symmetric top particles containing an isotropic distribution of a single CSA interaction. Simulations of two-dimensional exchange spectra for particles undergoing isotropic rotational diffusion are presented. We performed two-dimensional exchange NMR experiments on a colloidal suspension of spherical poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles which were synthesized with a 20% enrichment in 13C at the carbonyl site. Rotational diffusion time-correlation functions determined from the experimental exchange spectra are consistent with the composition of the colloidal suspension. Detailed explanations of the syntheses of the enriched methyl 13C-(carbonyl)-methacrylate monomer and the small quantities of 20% enriched 13C-(carbonyl)-poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres used for this study are presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of food science & technology 17 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2621
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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