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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent progress on sperm characterization in flowering plants (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 80 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The organization, isolation and physiology of the angiosperm male gamete has recently emerged as an area of special interest. Detailed in vivo studies have revealed: (1) that the functional unit of male reproduction is a‘male germ unit,’composed of two sperm cells and a physically associated vegetative nucleus; (2) that the two sperm cells are often cytoplasmically dimorphic, and (3) that some sperm cells appear to undergo preferential fertilization, preferentially fusing with either the egg or the proendospermaric central cell. Male gamete isolation has provided enrichments of up to 107 cells ml–1, with sperm integrity and viability demonstrated by the flunrochromatic reaction and ATP levels. Although results from biochemical and hybridoma antibody characterization are still preliminary, they indicate that sperm cells possess polypeptide expression patterns that are different from those of surrounding cells. These findings suggest the existence of an independent developmental program in the angiosperm male gamete.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb05695.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entrapment of long-distance transported pollen grains by various moss species in coastal Victoria Land, Antarctica (1993)
    Springer
    Polar biology 13 (1993), S. 81-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In northern Victoria Land (continental Antarctica, between 72° and 76°S, 162° and 169°E), 18 moss samples have been collected and analysed for the presence of pollen. In turfs and cushions of 8 different moss species, at least 27 pollen taxa could be identified. The pinus-type pollen and those of grasses were very common. More than 60% of the total grains were damaged or could not be identified. There is evidence that the Antarctic continent could act as a sink for wind-transported pollen from sub-Antarctic islands or from plants (native or cultivated) in South America, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. However, the pollen concentration in air (⩽ 1 pollen grain/100 m3) and its entrapment rate on moss (about 0.12 grain/cm2/year) result in a very low pollen density in these plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238539
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The kinesin-immunoreactive homologue from Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes: Biochemical properties and subcellular localization (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 191 (1993), S. 496-506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Kinesin ; Nicotiana ; Organelle movement ; Pollen tube
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In plant cells, microtubule-based motor proteins have not been characterized to the same degree as in animal cells; therefore, it is not yet clear whether the movement of organelles and vesicles is also dependent on the microtubular cytoskeleton. In this work the kinesinimmunoreactive homologue from pollen tubes of Nicotiana tabacum L. has been purified and biochemically characterized. The protein preparation mainly contained a polypeptide with a relative molecular weight of approx. 100 kDa. This polypeptide bound to animal microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner and it further copurified with an ATPase activity fourfold-stimulated by the presence of microtubules. In addition, the sedimentation coefficient (approx. 9S) was similar to those previously shown for other kinesins. Immunofluorescence analyses revealed a partial co-distribution of the protein with microtubules in the pollen tube. These data clearly indicate that several properties of the kinesin-immunoreactive homologue are similar to those of kinesin proteins, and suggest that molecular mechanisms analogous to those of animal cells may drive the microtubule-based motility of organelles and vesicles in plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195751
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant cells which aid in pollen digestion within a beetle's gut (1990)
    Springer
    Oecologia 82 (1990), S. 424-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Scarabaeidae ; Palmae ; Pollination ; Brachysclereids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The peach palm, Bactris gasipaes H.B.K., in Costa Rica, possesses unusual trichomes on the inflorescence epidermal surface. Certain cells of the trichome possess a thick, highly lignified cell wall and are consumed by the beetle Cyclocephala amazona L. before it ingests pollen from the same inflorescence. Chemical analyses show the trichome to possess no nutritive value. The thick-walled trichome cells pass intact through the beetle's digestive system, while ingested pollen is crushed. We suggest that the specialized plant cells function as gastroliths in the beetle's digestive tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317493
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural features of Aloe ciliaris pollen (1988)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 1 (1988), S. 88-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Pollen activation ; Generative cell ; Vegetative cell ; Cytoskeleton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Both the internal anatomy and the external morphology of the mature pollen grain of Aloe ciliaris have been studied, together with the cytological changes occurring during pollen activation. In mature pollen, the generative cell (GC) and the vegetative nucleus (VN) are closely associated with each other, and both can be found in the central part of the grain. In the generative cytoplasm, some organelles and microtubular bundles are present. In the vegetative cell, dictyosomes, stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, ribosomes, and masses of fibrillar material have been described. During pollen activation, important changes occur in both the generative and vegetative cells (VC). In the GC, the microtubular bundles become clearly visible, and the GC and VC gradually move towards the germ pore. The RER cisterns become free from the stacks, and organelles, such as dictyosomes, become very active. The fibrillar masses gradually decrease in number, and the individual fibrils become more evident and clearer in resolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189267
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure and cytochemistry of the pistil of Hypericum calycinum: the style (1988)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 1 (1988), S. 248-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Hypericum calycinum ; Pistil ; Pollen pistil interaction ; Transmitting tissue ; Ultra structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A typical style of Hypericum calycinum is solid with a core of transmitting tissue traversing the whole length of the style. This transmitting tissue consists of loosely arranged cells and large intercellular spaces filled with a secretion product. The secretion product is rich in lipids, but poor in proteins and polysaccharides. The intercellular spaces of the transmitting tissue originate partly by a separation of cells as a result of the decomposition of the middle lamella and partly by degeneration of some of the cells of the transmitting tissue. H. calycinum is self-compatible. Both self- and cross-pollinations result in profuse pollen germination on the stigma and pollen tube growth through the style. The data on Hypericum is discussed in relation to information available on other solidstyled systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189160
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of high humidity and temperature stress on pollen membrane integrity and pollen vigour in Nicotiana tabacum (1989)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 2 (1989), S. 137-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Humidity ; Temperature stress ; Nicotiana tabacum ; Pollen germination ; Pollen membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The prolonged exposure of pollen Nicotiana tabacum to high humidity at both room temperature and 38° C did not affect membrane integrity as revealed by the fluorochromatic reaction (FCR) test, but did affect pollen vigour. At room temperature germination was not affected, although tube growth was reduced; at 38° C, there was both a reduction in tube growth and delayed germination. When the pollen was subjected to 1 h hydration followed by 1 h desiccation (up to a maximum of four cycles) at room temperature, a reduction in the FCR, germination and tube length after each desiccation treatment was observed. Subsequent hydration fully restored the FCR, but only partially restored germination and tube growth. At 38° C, however, FCR, germination, and tube growth were drastically reduced. The implications of these results on the relationship between FCR and germinability, the responses of pollen exposed to humidity and temperature stress in the field, and on pollen storage are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192759
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of polymorphic pollen grains of Canna indica L. (1989)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 2 (1989), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Polymorphism ; Ultrastructure ; Pollen grains ; Canna indica L ; Tannin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Our investigations on Canna indica L. indicate that the pollen of this species is polymorphic: there are two types of pollen — a larger type and a comparatively smaller type. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed the presence of small vacuoles containing tannic substances in the generative cell (GC) of the larger grains: the GC of the mature grain contained a higher quantity of tannins than the GC of the immature grain. Mitochondria, lipid bodies, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and microtubular bundles were present in the cytoplasm of the GC. Numerous mitochondria, lipid bodies and plastids were also present in the vegetative cell (VC), with the mitochondria clustered around the vegetative nucleus. The plastids were observed to be associated with the RER cisterns. During the maturation process, the number of starch grains contained in the plastids decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192766
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secretory tapetum of Brassica oleracea L.: polarity and ultrastructural features (1991)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 4 (1991), S. 28-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Tapetal cells ; Brassica oleracea L ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the secretory, binucleate tapetum of Brassica oleracea in the micro spore mother cell (MMC) stage through to the mature pollen stage is reported. The tapetal cells differentiate as highly specialized cells whose development is involved in lipid accumulation in their final stage. They start breaking down just before anther dehiscence. Nuclei with dispersed chromatin, large nucleoli and many ribosomes in the cytoplasm characterize the tapetal cells. The wall-bearing tapetum phase ends at the tetrade stage. The dissolution of tapetal walls begins from the inner tangential wall oriented towards the loculus and proceeds gradually along the radial walls to the outer tangential one. The plasmodesmata transversing the radial walls between tapetal cells persist until the mature microspore, long after loss of the inner tangential wall. After wall dissolution, the tapetal protoplasts retain their integrity and position within the anther locule. The tapetal cell membrane is in direct contact with the exine of the microspores/pollen grains and forms tubular evaginations that increase its surface area and appear to be involved in the translocation of solutes from the tapetal cells to the microspores/ pollen grains. The tapetal cells exhibit a polarity expressed by spatial differentiation in the radial direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194568
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of tobacco pollen to high humidity and heat stress: viability and germinability in vitro and in vivo (1991)
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 4 (1991), S. 104-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: High humidity and temperature stress ; Nicotiana tabacum ; Tobacco ; Pollen viability ; Vigour ; Semi-vivo technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Responses of pollen grains of Nicotiana tabacum to high humidity (95% RH, 4 h) and temperature (38°/45° C, 4 h) stresses were investigated. Pollen grains were subjected to only RH or only temperature, or to both of these stresses. Their viability was assessed on the basis of the fluorochromatic reaction (FCR) test, and vigour was assessed on the basis of the time taken for in vitro germination as well as on the emergence of pollen tubes through the cut end of semi-vivo implanted styles. None of the stress conditions affected pollen viability and high RH or high temperature stress did not individually affect pollen vigour. However, pollen vigour was markedly affected when both the stresses were given together. Pollen grains subjected to high RH at 38° C took a longer time to germinate in vitro and the pollen tubes emerged later from the cut end of the semi-vivo styles; division of the generative cell was also delayed. Pollen grains subjected to high RH at 45° C failed to germinate in vitro, but did germinate on the stigma. Many pollen tubes subjected to this treatment showed abnormalities, and the growth of pollen tubes in the pistil was much slower than that observed in other treatments. Pollen samples subjected to all of the stress conditions were able to induce fruit and seed set. The implications of these results on the relationship between the FCR test and viability, and between viability and vigour, especially in stressed pollen, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196495
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