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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 2507-2512 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Microwave-driven ion sources and, in particular, electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources have customarily been used almost exclusively for the production of multiply charged ions. However, very reliable microwave sources that generate high-current low-emittance beams of singly charged ions have recently been developed for ion implanters and accelerator injectors. In this paper the elementary concepts of high-current microwave ion sources are summarized. The distinction between the ECR and the off-resonance coupling of the microwave power into the plasma is addressed as well as the difficulty of extracting high-quality ion beams in the presence of the large magnetic fields associated with microwave ion sources. The features of a selection of high-current microwave ion sources are reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 97 (1993), S. 7435-7440 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 94 (1990), S. 1544-1549 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 31 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 25 (1975), S. 407-421 
    ISSN: 0066-4243
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 1724-1734 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The stability of the n=1 ideal kink in DIII-D-like [Fusion Technol. 8, 441 (1985)] configurations is found to depend critically on the details of the current density and pressure profiles. The maximum stable normalized β, βN=β/(I/aB) (I in MA, a in meters, and B0 in tesla), is found to increase dramatically as the peak in the pressure gradient is shifted from the central region toward the plasma boundary. Further, for peaked pressure profiles, the β limit is insensitive to the internal inductance, li, whereas for broad pressure profiles, the β limit depends more strongly on li and can increase with li almost up to the point where the q profile becomes hollow. With broad pressure profiles and a conducting wall at 1.5 minor plasma radii, kink-stable βN values of 5.8−significantly above both the Troyon limit and the ballooning limit−have been found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 266 (1977), S. 184-186 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1 Changes in liver amino acid incorporation following exposure to 4 C in lean and obese mice with and without food. O---O, obese without food; O - - -O, obese with food;o---- o, lean without food; o - - -o , lean with food. Animals were killed by cervical dislocation, the livers rapidly ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 35 (1992), S. 694-695 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis ; Surgical technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is now the treatment of choice for selected patients requiring proctocolectomy for benign mucosal disease of the large intestine. Pelvic sepsis continues to be a major postoperative complication. This is often subsequent to the technical complexity of the intestinal pull-through and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. We report the use of the de Pezzer catheter to facilitate this often difficult reservoir pull-through during restorative proctocolectomy. This is an inexpensive and simple aid which has consistently helped to decrease operative difficulty, especially where pelvic access is restricted. By enabling the avoidance of clamps and tissue forceps, it has reduced the incidence of contamination and tissue trauma. It has enabled pull-through without undue tension on the reservoir and has facilitated post-operative drainage of the reservoir.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 18 (1994), S. 926-931 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La controverse concernant la meilleure voie d'administration d'antibiotiques prophylactiques chez le patient opéré du côlon à froid persiste toujours: voie orale, voie parentérale ou les deux combinées. Les antibiotiques du type néomycine et érythromycine ne sont pas absorbés par le tube digestif. Les 4-fluoro-quinolones, cependant, sont absorbés dans le tube digestif supérieur et sont ensuite excrétés en partie par la muqueuse colique. Leur action consiste donc à éliminer ou du moins déprimer fortement les bactéries aérobies Gram négatif sans pour autant affecter les bactéries anaérobies. Ceci est la base de la décontamination dite sélective. Nous avons testé l'efficacité de la ciprofloxacine par voie orale dans un essai prospectif randomisé chez des patients ayant de toutes manières de la piperacilline par voie intraveineuse (4 gr) en dose unique. Trois cent vingt-sept patients ont été randomisés pour recevoir en même temps que leur préparation colique mécanique de la ciprofloxacine (500 mg x 2) (group OA, n=159) ou non (groupe NOA, n=168). On a constaté une infection pariétale chez 18 (11%) des patients du groupe OA et chez 39 (25%) des patients du groupe NOA (Chi2=7.2, p=0.007). Une complication infectieuse a été notée chez 23 (14.5%) des patients du groupe OA et chez 55 (32.7%) des patients du groupe NOA (Chi2=14.0, p=0.0002). La durée médiane du séjour hospitalier a été de 11 jours (valeur interquartile = 4.5 jours) dans le groupe OA et de 12 (valeur interquartile = 8 jours) dans le groupe NOA (p=0.005) par le U-test de Mann-Whitney. Sans tenir compte du groupe de tirage au sort, la durée médiane de séjour hospitalier pour les patients infectés a été de 17 (valeur interquartile = 10 jours) comparés à 11 (valeur interquartile = 44) jours pour les patients non-infectés. Nous concluons que l'administration de ciprofloxacine 500 mg en deux fois en même temps que la préparation mécanique, réduit de façon significative l'incidence d'infection après une intervention colique à froid et devrait être systématique pour ce type de chirurgie.
    Abstract: Resumen Persiste la controversia sobre la ruta oral, parenteral o su combinación de administración de los antibióticos profilácticos en pacientes que van a ser sometidos a cirugía colorrectal. Los antibióticos orales más comunmente administrados para profilaxis colorrectal, la neomicina y la eritromicina base, no son absorbidos en el tracto gastrointestinal. Sin embargo, las fluroquinolonas si son absorbidas en el tracto GI superior y son excretadas en parte por la mucosa colónica. Su acción es, por tanto, la de eliminar o reducir los bacilos aeróbicos Gram-negativos, sin afectar la flora anaeróbica. Tal es el principio de la descontaminación selectiva. Hemos evaluado la eficacia de la ciprofloxacina oral en un ensayo prospectivo y randomizado, en el cual la totalidad de los pacientes recibió piperacilina 4 g IV en dosis única como forma de profilaxis parenteral. Se escogieron al azar 327 pacientes valorables para recibir ciprofloxacina 500 mg BD con el agente preoperatorio de catarsis (Grupo OA, n=159) o ningún antibiótico oral (Grupo NOA, n=168). Se registró infección de la herida en 18 (11%) de los pacientes en el Grupo OA y en 39 (25%) de los del Grupo NOA (Chi2=7.2, p=0.007). Se presentó infección, de cualquier tipo relacionada con la operación, en 23 (14.5%) de los pacientes en el Grupo OA y en 55 (32.7%) de los del Grupo NOA (Chi2=14.0, p=0.0002). La estancia hospitalaria postoperatoria media fue de 11 días (rango interquartil 4.5 days) en el Grupo OA y de 12 días (rango i. 8 días) en el Grupo NOA (prueba U de Mann Whitney p=0.005). Al no tener en cuenta el Grupo de tratamiento, la estancia postoperatoria media fue de 17 días (rango i. 10 días) para los pacientes infectados, y de 11 días (rango i. 4 días) para los no infectados. Nuestra conclusión es que la administración profiláctica de ciprofloxacina en dosis preoperatoria de 500 mg BD concomitante con el agente catártico reduce en forma significativa la incidencia de infección luego de operaciones colorrectales y que debe ser parte de la preparación preoperatoria para tal tipo de cirugía.
    Notes: Abstract The controversy over the route of administration of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing elective colorectal operations persists for oral, parenteral, and a combination of the two routes. The oral antibiotics commonly administered for colorectal prophylaxis, neomycin and eythromycin base, are not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). However, the 4-fluoroquinolones are absorbed in the upper GIT and are excreted in part by the colonic mucosa. Their action is then to remove, or severely depress, the gram-negative aerobic bacilli leaving the anaerobic flora unaffected. This action is the principle of selective decontamination. We have assessed the efficacy of oral ciprofloxacin in a prospective randomized clinical trial in which all patients received piperacillin 4 g IV as single-dose parenteral prophylaxis. A group of 327 evaluable patients were randomized to receive ciprofloxacin 500 mg b.i.d. with the preoperative cathartic (group OA, n=159) or no oral antibiotic (11.3%) patients in group OA and 39 (23.2%) patients in group NOA (χ2 = 7.2, p=0.007). Operation-related infection of any type occurred in 23 (14.5%) patients in group OA compared with 55 (32.7%) in group NOA (χ2 = 14.0, p=0.0002). The median postoperative hospital stay was 11 days (interquartile range 4.5 days) for group OA and 12 days (interquartile range 8 days) for group NOA (Mann Whitney U test, p=0.005). Ignoring the treatment group, the median postoperative hospital stay was 17 days (interquartile range 10 days) for infected patients and 11 days (interquartile range 4 days) for those not infected. We conclude that the administration of ciprofloxacin 500 mg b.i.d. with the preoperative cathartic significantly reduces the incidence of infection after elective colorectal operations and should form part of the preoperative preparation for such operations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 367 (1994), S. 601-601 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - We have found fossil fungi morpho-logically similar to Allomyces, the modern experimental fungus, in thin sections of early Devonian (400 million-year-old) megaplants. The fungus exhibits an iso-morphic alternation of generations in which sporothalli that produce zoosporan-gia and resting ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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