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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1994)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 25 (1994), S. 127-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.25.110194.001015
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normal restriction pattern (Hind III) of the myoadenylate deaminase gene in enzyme deficient patients (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 1084-1084 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01649313
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunopathological features of human pulmonary tumors following low-dose interleukin-2 (1991)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 33 (1991), S. 327-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Keywords: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes ; Interleukin-2 ; Immunopathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We administered preoperative low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) to 10 patients undergoing thoracotomy for pulmonary tumors. The in vivo effect of IL-2 on tumor-associated lymphocyte activity was assessed in the resected specimens by immunohistochemistry and compared with observations in 45 patients who did not receive IL-2. H & E evaluation revealed an increase in intra- and peritumoral lymphocyte infiltration in the IL-2-treated patients. Immunopathological evaluation with monoclonal antibodies revealed that this lymphocyte infiltration was predominantly CD5-positive T cells. The amount of intra-and peritumoral lymphocyte activity correlated with the dose of IL-2 administered (6000–90 000 international units/kg every 8 h for 48 h. IL-2-treated patients showed increases in T-cell-associated activation markers (IL-2 α-receptor, transferrin receptor and HLA-DR) on peritumoral lymphocytes, but not on intratumoral lymphocytes. We previously reported that low-dose IL-2 increases the intrinsic natural killer cell cytotoxicity of intratumoral lymphocytes and suggest that this lymphocyte infiltration is further evidence that low-dose IL-2 can augment in vivo lymphocyte activity at the tumor site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01756598
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different rates of substitution may produce different phylogenies of the eutherian mammals (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 33 (1991), S. 209-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Maximum likelihood method ; Rates of substitution ; Fossil record ; Primates ; Artiodactyls ; Rodents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to resolve some points of branching order in the phylogeny of the eutherian mammals, a phylogenetic analysis of 26 nuclear and 6 mitochondrial genes was undertaken using a maximum likelihood method on a constant rate stochastic model of molecular evolution. Seventeen of the nuclear genes gave a primates/artiodactyls grouping highest support whereas three of the mitochondrial genes found a rodents/artiodactyls grouping to be best supported. The primates/rodents grouping was never the best supported. On the assumption that rodents are indeed an outgroup to primates and artiodactyls and that the latter taxa diverged 70 million years ago, an estimation was made, for each gene, of the time of divergence of the rodent lineage. In most cases such estimates were beyond the limits set by present interpretations of the paleontological record as were many estimates of the divergence time of mouse and rat. These results suggest that, although there is locus variation, the divergent position of the rodent lineage may be an artifact of an elevated rate of nucleotide substitution in this order.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02100671
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Present status of BCG immunotherapy of malignant melanoma (1976)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 1 (1976), S. 93-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary BCG systemic adjuvant immunotherapy may be effective for improving both the recurrence and survival rates in patients with regional metastases from malignant melanoma. Clinical trials show that many of the principles derived from the study of animal tumor systems are applicable to human cancer in that immunotherapy is most effective for a small residual number of tumor cells. BCG treatment fulfills many of the ideal criteria for adjuvant treatment following surgery when disease burden is lowest. It is relatively nontoxic; it is effective for disseminated melanoma; it has systemic activity in the adjuvant treatment of subclinical metastases. However, until clinical trials are complete, BCG adjuvant therapy must be considered investigational.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00205300
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro assays of immunocompetence in patients with lung cancer treated with levamisole (1979)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 7 (1979), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty levamisole-treated and 14 placebo-treated lung cancer patients were studied sequentially in assays of lymphocyte proliferation. Prior to treatment, the patients as a group had significantly depressed proliferative responses to mitogens and allogeneic cells (MLC), and this immunosuppression was especially noticeable in patients with clinically detectable tumor burdens. Following treatment, responses in both levamisole and placebo groups tended to increase slightly, although the increases were more consistent and persistent in the levamisole group. Increases within the levamisole group were similar for patients with and without detectable tumor burdens. Proportions of E and EAC rosette-forming cells were stable throughout treatment for all groups. No consistent response pattern was observed in patients crossed-over from placebo to levamisole treatments. Although these results do not contradict the concept that levamisole can reverse malignancy-induced immunosuppression, levamisole treatment clearly did not result in normalization of lymphocyte-proliferative capacity in these lung cancer patients. The usefulness of a placebo-treated group was apparent, as some increased responsiveness was commonly found with placebo treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199191
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunotherapy as an adjunct to surgery in the treatment of cancer (1977)
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 1 (1977), S. 547-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé De nombreux essais cliniques ont étudié les effets de l'immunothérapie sur divers types histologiques de cancers. L'analyse de ces essais démontre surtout l'extraordinaire variabilité des protocoles. Cependant, ces études ont prouvé que l'immunothérapie est relativement peu toxique et qu'elle a des effets systémiques. Il faudra des follow-up à long terme pour connaÎtre les résultats définitifs; mais il apparait déjà que l'immunothérapie est bénéfique dans les mélanomes et dans certains cas de cancer pulmonaire. Pour les autres cancers, les essais n'en sont qu'aux phases préliminaires. Ces types de traitement doivent encore Être considérés comme purement expérimentaux, puisque nous n'avons pas de preuves certaines de leur efficacité thérapeutique. Au stade actuel, l'immunothérapie adjuvante ne doit pas Être considérée comme une panacée. Lorsque les critères de méthodologie, de substance active, de voies et de schémas d'utilisation auront été soigneusement définis, ce type de traitement sera peut-Être un adjuvant utile dans certains cancers, chez des malades bien sélectionnés.
    Notes: Abstract A review of results obtained from numerous clinical trials of immunotherapy for various histological types of cancer serves to emphasize the many discrepancies in the various protocols. Even so, adjuvant immunotherapy in both man and animals has been shown to be relatively nontoxic and to have systemic activity. Definitive results must await long-term follow-up of patients, although in general some therapeutic benefit has been obtained by patients with melanoma and by selected patients with carcinoma of the lung. Adjuvant immunotherapy trials for other types of cancer are still in the preliminary phases. Because therapeutic benefit has not been definitely established, this treatment must be considered highly experimental. Clearly, adjuvant immunotherapy in its present form is not a panacea, but when criteria for methodology, immunologic agents, route, and schedule of administration have been thoroughly identified, it may prove to be a most beneficial adjunctive treatment for selected patients with cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01556179
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    S16.5 ABO related glycosylation phenotypes and genotypes in urothelial cell lines of low and high grade malignancy (1993)
    Springer
    Glycoconjugate journal 10 (1993), S. 323-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4986
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01210122
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smoking behavior following diagnosis in patients with Stage I non-small cell lung cancer (1991)
    Springer
    Cancer causes & control 2 (1991), S. 105-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7225
    Keywords: Cigarettes ; lung cancer ; smoking ; smoking cessation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cigarette-smoking behavior of 840 patients with resected Stage I non-small cell lung cancer was analyzed prospectively for up to four years following diagnosis. Lung cancer patients were heavier smokers at diagnosis than other cancer patients and the general population. At one year, only 16.8 percent of the 317 current smokers at baseline, who were followed for two years or longer, continued to smoke, while 83.2 percent of patients either quit permanently (53.0 percent) or for some time period (30.2 percent). By two years, permanent cessation stabilized at over 40 percent; however, the prevalence of continuing smoking decreased through all periods of follow-up. Subjects who tried to quit or did quit permanently were more likely to be female and healthier than continuous smokers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053129
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A reconsideration of the phylogeny of the tetrapod heart (1975)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 147 (1975), S. 209-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: After dissecting a variety of vertebrate hearts and extensively reviewing the literature, I have drawn some conclusions concerning the phylogeny of the tetrapod heart that differ from commonly expressed viewpoints in the literature. It is probable that the absence of an interventricular septum in amphibians is a primitive feature (rather than representing a loss). The complete interventricular septum of crocodilians and birds probably evolved primarily from the major horizontal septum of the typical (noncrocodilian) reptilian heart, with a smaller part representing a new development. The interventricular septum of mammals probably also evolved primarily from the reptilian horizontal septum. There is no reason to assume that the mammalian heart and aortic arches evolved directly from a pre-reptilian stage, as is often assumed. The evidence upon which these conclusions are based is given.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051470207
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