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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 656 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 84 (1991), S. 461-464 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Tonic neck reflex ; Ia inhibitory neurons ; Neck receptors ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary As part of our studies of the spinal circuitry of the tonic neck reflex, we have recorded extracellularly from Ia reciprocal inhibitory neurons of the decerebrate, labyrinthectomized cat. The activity of a majority of neurons driven by stimulation of the quadriceps nerve was modulated by sinusoidal rotation of the neck; such modulation was much less frequent in the case of neurons driven by stimulation of nerves to more distal muscles. The results suggest that some of the inhibition which is part of the tonic neck reflex is mediated by Ia reciprocal inhibitory neurons, but that other pathways must also play an important role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 89 (1992), S. 323-332 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibular system ; Raphe nuclei ; Spinal cord ; Sympathetic nervous system ; Vestibulosympa ; thetic reflex ; Orthostatic hypotension ; Cardiovascular regulation ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the decerebrate cat, recordings were made from neurons in the caudal medullary raphe nuclei to determine if they responded to electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve and thus might participate in vestibulo-sympathetic reflexes. Many of these cells projected to the upper thoracic spinal cord. The majority (20/28) of raphespinal neurons with conduction velocities between 1 and 4 m/s received vestibular inputs; 13 of the 20 were inhibited, and 7 were excited. Since many raphespinal neurons with similar slow conduction velocities are involved in the control of sympathetic outflow, as well as in other functions, these cells could potentially relay vestibular signals to sympathetic preganglionic neurons. The onset latency of the vestibular effects was long (median of 15 ms), indicating the inputs were polysynaptic. In addition, 34 of 42 raphespinal neurons with more rapid conduction velocities (6–78 m/s) also received long-latency (median of 10 ms) labyrinthine inputs; 26 were excited and 8 were inhibited. Although little is known about these rapidlyconducting cells, they do not appear to be involved in autonomic control, suggesting that the function of vestibular inputs to raphe neurons is not limited to production of vestibulosympathetic reflexes. One hypothesis is that raphe neurons are also involved in modulating the gain of vestibulocollic and vestibulospinal reflexes; this possibility remains to be tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1990), S. 743-744 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 13 (1978), S. 2226-2232 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of the principal linear thermal expansion coefficients of a tridirectional (−45°, 0°, +45°) carbon fibre reinforced plastics laminate are reported in the approximate temperature range 90 K to 500 K. A quantitative evaluation of the in-plane results in thermoelastic terms has yielded an agreement with these results consistent with the approximations and uncertainties involved. The qualitative agreement with expectations based upon the behaviour of unidirectional and bidirectional laminates is also demonstrated. The account concludes with an examination of some effects which are peculiar to multidirectional laminates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Interferometric measurements of the linear thermal expansion coefficients of epoxy resin DLS 351/BF3400 are reported over the approximate temperature range 90 to 500 K. Corresponding measurements in directions parallel and perpendicular to the fibres are also reported for unidirectional composite bars of Courtaulds HTS carbon fibre in this resin, at nominal fibre volume contents of 50, 60 and 80%. The results are qualitatively similar to earlier observations upon resin ERLA 4617/mPDA-based specimens, but effects associated with resin softening occur at significantly higher temperatures in the case of resin DLS 351/BF3400. Current theoretical models account successfully for the influence of fibre volume fraction in the range 0.5 to 0.8 upon the value of the coefficient of thermal expansion at room temperature, within the limitations imposed by experimental uncertainty, provided that appropriate values are assigned to the linear thermal expansion coefficients of the fibres. In the directions parallel (α ∥ f ) and perpendicular (α ⊥ f ) to the fibre axis these values have been selected from the ranges −10×10−7〈α ∥ f 〈−9×10−7 and 0.5×10−5〈α ⊥ f 〈1.9×10−5. It is concluded that a more rigorous appraisal must await the availability of independent information concerning the directional thermoelastic properties of carbon fibres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Thermal conductivity experiments are reported on unidirectional composites over the temperature range −150 to 130 ° C. Results for R-glass/Fibredux 914 specimens, and for carbon fibre GY-80/Code 69 resin specimens, in directions parallel and perpendicular to the fibre directions have been interpreted using standard theories. Experiments were also made on specimens in which the carbon fibres made angles of 30 °, 45 ° and 60 ° to the temperature gradient. An attempt was made to understand these data using a finite difference model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 2815-2819 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The following account describes investigations of dimensional and stiffness characteristics of representative polyacrylic and silicone rubbers over the approximate temperature range 20 °C–175 °C. The results have led to a quantitative understanding of distinctive features in the behaviour of these elastomers, encountered during the course of their repeated use as tool materials in composite component manufacture, conforming with an explanation in terms of thermally induced cross-linking. It is concluded that silicone rubber offers more promise than polyacrylic rubber in applications where behavioural stability and a reasonable degree of control are required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 3577-3582 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Experiments are reported on the variations in moisture absorption properties of an epoxy resin produced by sudden changes in temperature. Where the temperature change occurred when only a little water had been absorbed, the change in moisture absorption was determined by the change in diffusivity. Where a temperature change occurred when near saturation, a reverse thermal effect was observed. An attempt has been made to understand the results in terms of thermodynamics. Results obtained for the swelling changes accompanying sudden changes in moisture content suggest that it is the more tightly bound water in the polymer which takes part in the reverse thermal effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden in dieser Mitteilung einige Methoden für die Messung vonσ 2 für die vier in Teil 1 angegebenen Systeme verglichen. Dies sind eine 1%-Lösung von Polyacrylamid in einem Wasser-Glyzerin-Gemisch, eine Lösung von Polyisobutylen in Öl (Paratac), eine 0.05 M/0.05 M-Lösung von Cetyltrimethylammoniumbromid (CTAB) resp. Toluolsulfonsäure (TSS), sowie eine 16%-Lösung von Tetradecyldimethylammoniopropansulfonat (DMH)/4% Natriumdodecylsulfat (NaDS). Es wurden die Gesamtschubwerte in drei Geometrien für alle vier Systeme und Druckprofile in einer Konusund-Platte-Konfiguration für die Polyacrylamid- und CTAB/TSS-Lösungen gemessen. Die Fehlerquellen, die von Randeffekten oder von versuchsbedingten Streuungen bei der Bestimmung von Schubwerten an verschiedenen Spalten stammen, wurden umfassend untersucht, sowie ein Arbeitsbereich, um verläßliche Schätzungen vonσ 2 zu bekommen, festgestellt. Die Paratac- sowie auch die CTAB/TSS-Lösungen zeigten negative Werte, die in guter Übereinstimmung mit den allgemein angenommenen Literaturwerten waren (4, 5, 9, 32–40). Das Polyacrylamidsystem zeigte einen kleinen positivenσ 2-Wert, während bei DMH/NaDSσ 2 positiv wurde bei niedrigen Schubgeschwindigkeiten, er wurde negativ mit steigenden Schubgeschwindigkeiten. Diese Resultate geben anscheinend eine wahre Eigenschaft der Systeme wieder und sind durch Fehler in der Arbeitsweise zu erklären.
    Notes: Summary In this paper, several methods of measuringσ 2 have been compared for the four systems reported in Part 1 (1). These are a 1% solution of polyacrylamide in a water/glycerol mixture, a solution of polyisobutylene in oil (Paratac), 0.05 M/0.05M solution of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and toluene sulphonic acid (TSA), and a 16% tetradecyldimethyl ammonio propane sulphonate (DMH)/4% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Total thrusts were measured in three geometries for all four systems and pressure profiles in a coneand-plate configuration were measured for the polyacrylamide and CTAB/TSA solutions. The sources of errors arising from edge effects or experimental spread in the determination of thrusts at various gaps were examined comprehensively and a working range for obtaining reliable estimates ofσ 2 was established. Both the Paratac and CTAB/TSA gave negative values which compared well with the generally accepted values in the literature (refs 4, 5, 9, 32–40). The polyacrylamide system gave a small positiveσ 2 while for DMH/SDS,σ 2 was positive at low shear-rates, and became negative as the shear-rate increased. These latter results appear to be a true manifestation of the systems and cannot be explained by errors in the techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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