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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressor response elicited by nose-up vestibular stimulation in cats (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 113 (1997), S. 165-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Otolith ; Labyrinth ; Blood pressure ; Sympathetic nervous system ; Orthostatic hypotension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the present study was to determine whether selective activation of vestibular receptors produces changes in blood pressure. Blood pressure was recorded during trapezoidal head rotations in cats with extensive denervations to eliminate nonlabyrinthine inputs that could be produced by the movements. Large (50°) nose-up trapezoidal head tilts produced an increase in blood pressure of approximately 18 mmHg; ear-down tilt produced little change in blood pressure. The changes in blood pressure began approximately 1.4 s after the plateau of the stimulus. The responses to nose-up tilt were abolished following intracranial transections of the WIIIth cranial nerves. These data suggest that vestibular inputs elicited by nose-up movements of the head act to rapidly increase blood pressure. This mechanism may contribute to counteracting the orthostatic hypotension induced by nose-up body rotation in quadrupeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02454153
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Connections of the caudal ventrolateral medullary reticular formation in the cat brainstem (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 116 (1997), S. 270-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Vestibular ; Blood pressure ; Cardiovascular ; Sympathetic nervous system ; Respiration ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A region of the caudal ventrolateral medullary reticular formation (CVLM) participates in baroreceptor, vestibulosympathetic, and somatosympathetic reflexes; the adjacent retroambigual area is involved in generating respiratory-related activity and is essential for control of the upper airway during vocalization. However, little is known about the connections of the CVLM in the cat. In order to determine the locations of terminations of CVLM neurons, the anterograde tracers Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin and tetramethylrhodamine dextran amine were injected into this region. These injections produced a dense concentration of labeled axons throughout the lateral medullary reticular formation (lateral tegmental field), including the retrofacial nucleus and nucleus ambiguus, regions of the rostral ventrolateral medulla, the lateral and ventrolateral aspects of the hypoglossal nucleus, nucleus intercalatus, and the facial nucleus. A smaller number of labeled axons were located in the medial, lateral, and commissural subnuclei of nucleus tractus solitarius, the A5 region of the pontine reticular formation, the ventral and medial portions of the spinal and motor trigeminal nuclei, locus coeruleus, and the parabrachial nucleus. We confirmed the projection from the CVLM to both the rostral ventrolateral medulla and lateral tegmental field using retrograde tracing. Injections of biotinylated dextran amine or Fluorogold into these regions resulted in retrogradely labeled cell bodies in the CVLM. However, the neurons projecting to the lateral tegmental field were located mainly dorsal to those projecting to the rostral ventrolateral medulla, suggesting that these neurons form two groups, possibly with different inputs. Injections of retrograde tracers into the lateral tegmental field and rostral ventrolateral medulla also produced labeled cell bodies in other regions, including the medial and inferior vestibular nuclei and nucleus solitarius. These data are consistent with the view that the CVLM of the cat is a multifunctional area that regulates blood pressure, produces vocalization, affects the shape of the oral cavity, and elicits contraction of particular facial muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005755
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Integration of somatic and visceral inputs by the brainstem Functional considerations (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 119 (1998), S. 269-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Vestibular system ; Blood pressure ; Cardiovascular system ; Respiration ; Graviceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Studies of the brainstem have traditionally either focused on mechanisms for the control of limb or axial muscles or for the maintenance of homeostasis (e.g., the circuitry for the regulation of respiration or blood pressure). However, recent studies have demonstrated that movement and changes in cardiorespiratory activity often are coordinated, indicating a linkage between the pathways that control somatic motor activity and those that regulate respiration or circulation. Neurons in regions such as nucleus tractus solitarius and the lateral medullary reticular formation that regulate circulation and respiration have been shown to receive somatic sensory signals (including those from the vestibular system) indicating body position in space. In addition, somatic motor control may be influenced by signals from visceral receptors that provide cues regarding body position in space. Some areas of the brainstem may also participate directly in both motor control and regulation of blood pressure and respiration. Thus, a simple division of the brainstem into “somatic” and “autonomic” regions is no longer possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050342
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardiovascular responses elicited by linear acceleration in humans (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 125 (1999), S. 476-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Linear acceleration ; Otolith organ ; Orthostatic hypotension ; Sympathetic nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Although activation of otolith receptors is known to elicit cardiovascular responses in animals, it is unclear whether vestibular stimulation can evoke changes in blood pressure and heart rate (which are independent of motion sickness) in humans. In the present study, ten normal subjects and three patients with profound bilateral reduction in vestibular function, who were seated upright with the torso aligned with the gravitation vector, were subjected to fore, aft, or lateral linear acceleration (≈0.2 g, attaining ≈2 m/s in 900 ms, and decelerating for 3 s at 0.07 g). The head was fixed in the upright position, pitched maximally downward (chin on chest) or maximally backward (≈40–50°) during the accelerations. In normal subjects, all directions of linear acceleration produced an average increase in systolic blood pressure of approximately 7–9 mmHg and a rapid decrease in the interval between R-waves of the electrocardiogram of 14–27 ms; these responses persisted for only a few seconds. In contrast, the cardiovascular responses in patients with vestibular dysfunction were much smaller (e.g., the maximal pressor response to forward linear acceleration was 〈4 mmHg). Head position during accelerations had little effect on the cardiovascular responses that were elicited in the population of normal subjects. However, although the population response was similar across directions of acceleration and head positions, many individuals exhibited larger cardiovascular changes during some stimulus conditions than during others. These data suggest that vestibular stimulation during linear accelerations can produce cardiovascular responses in humans and support the hypothesis that the vestibular system contributes to maintaining stable blood pressure during movement and changes in posture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050705
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A variable energy photoelectron study of the valence and Hg 5d levels of Hg(CH3)2 (1987)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 87 (1987), S. 821-829 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using monochromatized synchrotron radiation, the gas phase photoelectron spectra of the Hg 5d and valence levels of Hg(CH3)2 have been obtained between 21 and 100 eV photon energies. Experimental valence band branching ratios have been compared with theoretical branching ratios from MS-Xα calculations. Our results strongly suggest that the ordering of valence levels is 2a‘2〈3a1〈2e'〈2e‘, rather than 2a‘2〈3a1〈2e‘〈2e' from previous theoretical calculations. For the 3a'1 orbital, two shape resonances are predicted at 30 and 50 eV kinetic energy. Only the one at 30 eV is observed. Interchannel coupling with Hg 5d photoemission is important for the outermost 2a‘2 and 3a'1 orbitals. Shape resonances and interchannel coupling strongly suggest that He ii:He i cross section ratios cannot generally be used to infer orbital character. The Hg 5d intensity ratio in Hg(CH3)2 differs from that of atomic Hg in the low photon energy region. This effect is probably due to the differences in the outgoing f wave potential between Hg and Hg(CH3)2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.453289
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A variable energy photoelectron study of the valence levels and I 4d core levels of CF3I (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 85 (1986), S. 3840-3850 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using monochromatized synchrotron radiation, gas phase photoelectron spectra of CF3I have been obtained between 21 and 100 eV photon energies. Experimental valence band branching ratios have been compared with theoretical branching ratios from MS-Xα calculations. The generally good agreement between experiment and theory confirms the orbital assignment: 4e〈4a1〈1a2∼3e〈2e〈3a1〈1e∼2a1 〈1a1, in order of increasing binding energy. In contrast to CF4, MS-Xα calculations predict two shape resonances for CF3I at 15.2 eV (e channel) and 17.2 eV (a1 channel). Experimentally, weak shape resonances are observed on e orbitals at ∼14 eV kinetic energy. The cross sections are very useful for correlating orbitals in CF3I with those of CF4. For example, the cross sections suggest that the 3e orbital in CF3I correlates with the 1t1 orbital rather than the 4t2 orbital in CF4. After the onset of the I 4d level at ∼57 eV, intershell coupling becomes important in enhancing valence band levels having high I 5p character such as the 4e orbital. The I 4d branching ratio from 66 to 110 eV is similar to the Xe 4d branching ratio in atomic Xe, indicating atomic-like behavior for the I 4d subshell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.450904
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoelectron study of the valence levels of CF4 and SiF4 from 20 to 100 eV (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 83 (1985), S. 4906-4916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using monochromatized synchrotron radiation, the gas phase photoelectron spectra of the five valence orbitals of CF4 and SiF4 have been obtained from 21 to 100 eV photon energies. Branching ratios (BR) for both molecules, and partial cross sections (σ) for CF4, have been obtained from these spectra. The agreement between our σ values for CF4 and previous results is excellent. Theoretical branching ratios, partial cross sections, and β values have been obtained from MS Xα calculations, and compared with experiment. The generally good agreement between experiment and theory for SiF4 confirms the orbital assignment: 1t1〈5t2〈1e〈4t2〈5a1, in order of increasing binding energy. In contrast to the CF4 results which show little structure, five shape resonances are predicted for SiF4, at 3, 7, 13, 23, and 35 eV kinetic energies. The predicted resonance positions and intensities are in good agreement with experiment (e.g., for the 23 and 35 eV resonances), but the low energy resonance positions and intensities are usually not well reproduced experimentally. The radically different resonance features in CF4 and SiF4 are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.449749
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial Transformation in the Vertical Vestibulocollic Reflex (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 656 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb25231.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain-stem Integrative Sites for Vestibulo-Sympathetic Reflexes (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 781 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb15764.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shape resonances above the Si 2p threshold in SiF4 (1986)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 84 (1986), S. 5-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using monochromatized synchrotron radiation and angle integrated photoelectron spectroscopy, the Si 2p, Si LVV Auger, and F 2s cross sections have been obtained for SiF4 molecules in the gas phase between 116 and 150 eV photon energies. These cross sections and the Si 2p β value have also been calculated using the MS-Xα method. There is qualitative agreement between theory and experiment. Together with recent experimental and theoretical Si 2p cross sections from SiCl4 and valence band cross sections on SiF4, the two major resonances at 5 and 22 eV kinetic energies are assigned as t2 resonances. The valence band branching ratios are not affected by interchannel coupling above the Si 2p threshold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.450131
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