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Ultrasonic flaw classification in weldments using probabilistic neural networks (1992)

Song, S. J. ; Schmerr, L. W.

Springer

Journal of nondestructive evaluation 11 (1992), S. 69-77

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ISSN: 1573-4862

Keywords: Welds ; flaw classification ; ultrasonics ; neural networks

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics

Notes: Abstract A probabilistic neural network is used here to classify flaws in weldments from their ultrasonic scattering signatures. It is shown that such a network is both simple to construct and fast to train. Probabilistic nets are also shown to be able to exhibit the high performance of other neural networks, such as feed forward nets trained via back-propagation, while possessing important advantages of speed, explicitness of their architecture, and physical meaning of their outputs. Probabilistic nets are also demonstrated to have performance equal to common statistical approaches, such as theK-nearest neighbor method, while retaining their unique advantages.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00568290

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Scanning electron microscope study of the splenic red pulp in relation to the sequestration of immature and abnormal red cellsThis investigation was supported by Grant MA-4799 from the Medical Research Council of Canada. (1974)

Song, S. H. ; Groom, A. C.

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Morphology 144 (1974), S. 439-451

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ISSN: 0362-2525

Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Spleens from normal, healthy cats, dogs and rabbits were perfused with Ringer solution until only a few red cells remained. After fixation of the intact organ, small pieces of tissue were dried by a camphene method and examined under the scanning electron microscope. In all three species the red cells remaining in the spleen were either reticulocytes, spiculated cells, or cells of tear-drop shape and they were found adhering to macrophages and reticulum cells throughout the red pulp. Elongated masses were found on the sinusal surface of fenestrated endothelium (only in dog and rabbit); some of these appeared to be cells of tear-drop shape emerging from the cords into the sinus. This may perhaps denote a pitting process, as suggested by others, but it cannot be a unique function of fenestrated endothelium for red cells of similar shape were found elsewhere in the pulp. In all three species the network of reticulum fibres presents a very large contact surface area for blood cells and it seems likely that increased cell stickiness, rather than decreased deformability, leads to the trapping of immature red cells in the spleen.