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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 199 (1963), S. 701-702 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] When the 'node' is stimulated by direct current there is a repetitive response. Before the first action potential a normal local potential develops, but the following action potentials arise at a level of depolarization greater than the amplitude of the first local potential. Therefore no pacemaker ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 187 (1960), S. 960-961 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. Crimp deterioration in fine Merino and Polwarth wools in changing from normal (1) to 'doggy' (3) In changing from normal to doggy, fine and medium Merino and Polwarth wools pass through an intermediate phase with secondary waves superimposed on the normal crimp ; in strong Merino wool the ...
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 422 (1993), S. 325-331 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Myocyte ; Voltage clamp ; Ionic currents ; Oximes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Exposure of isolated guinea-pig ventricular myocytes to the uncharged oximes 2,3 butanedionemonoxine (BDM) and norPAM (but not by the charged PAM) results in a dose-dependent reduction of the duration of the action potential. The nifedipine-sensitive Ca current is fully inhibited by BDM (IC505.8±0.4 mM) and nor PAM but is little affected by PAM. This inhibition is unaltered by the presence of BAY K 8644 but is antagonized by isoprenaline. The effect of isoprenaline is more pronounced when the solution in the patch pipette contains the non-hydrolysable analogue of adenosine 5′-triphosphate, ATPγS (the IC50 is increased to 44.0±5.2 mM). A hastening of the inactivation of the L-type Ca current persists when either 10 mM 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N, N, N′, N-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) or 3 mM ATPγS is present in the pipette solution or when BAY K 8644 or isoprenaline are present in the bathing fluid. These results suggest that the inhibition of the Ca current is due to the phosphatase-like activity of the oximes but differs in some respects from previous work where a reduced level of phosphorylation is achieved by the introduction of protein kinase inhibitors or protein phosphatases into the sarcoplasm in guinea-pig myocytes. These differences could be explained if Ca channel availability is regulated by at least two sites of cAMP-dependent phosphorylation with oximes able to rapidly dephosphorylate both sites, while one of these sites is not readily dephosphorylated by the endogenous phosphatases.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Myocyte ; Intracellular ions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A method for the manufacture of ion-sensitive micro-electrodes, which can be readily used with small single cells, is described in detail. A glass pipette with a tip size of 1 μm, essentially similar to those used as suction electrodes in whole-cell recording, when silanized and with its tip filled with a suitable ion-sensitive resin, producesan ion-sensitive electrode with fast electrical and chemical response times. These electrodes can be applied to the cell membrane of isolated myocytes and penetration achieved without cell damage, by the application of suction. For the estimation of intracellular ionic activities they can be used in conjunction with a separate conventional KCl-filled micro-electrode or a suction voltage electrode. The technique is illustrated by the measurement of intracellular Na+, Ca2+ and pH. It is possible that these electrodes can also be used to measure local changes in ionic activity in restricted areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 55 (1990), S. 205-212 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Olfactory sensitivity ; grasshoppers ; electroantennogram ; Larrea ; hostplant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les réponses antennaires ont été examinées par électroantennogramme aux odeurs de plantes hôtes et non hôtes d'orthoptères Gomphocerinae de comportements alimentaires différents: Bootettix argentatus, monophage sur une dicotylédone, Larrea; Ligurotettix coquilletti, oligophage de dicotylédones; Cibolacris parviceps, polyphage; Chorthippus curtipennis, graminivore. Les types de réponse des quatre espèces étaient très voisins, mais les réponses aux odeurs de Larrea de B. argentatus et L. coquilletti, spécialistes de cette plante, étaient relativement plus fortes. Ces résultats suggèrent une similarité globale considérable dans la composition des populations de récepteurs olfactifs de ces quatre espèces d'orthoptères mais aussi une certaine spécificité pour les odeurs de la plante hôte au niveau antennaire.
    Notes: Abstract Antennal responses to host and non-host odours were recorded, using the electroantennogram technique, from four gomphocerine grasshoppers with different feeding habits: Bootettix argentatus (monophagous on Larrea, a dicotyledonous plant), Ligurotettix coquilletti (oligophagous on dicotyledonous plants), Cibolacris parviceps (polyphagous) and Chorthippus curtipennis (graminivorous). The patterns of responses across the plant odours were similar for all four grasshopper species, but there was a relatively greater response to the odour of Larrea in B. argentatus and L. coquilletti which specialise on this plant. This suggests that there is considerable overall similarity in the make up of the olfactory receptor populations of these four grasshoppers species, but that some specificity for hostplant odour does exist at the antennal level.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 71 (1994), S. 145-153 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: fluvalinate ; pyrethroids ; spider mites ; Tetranychus urticae ; behaviour ; sub-lethal effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Residual deposits of fluvalinate caused two-spotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae Koch, dispersal by running off (run-off) and spinning down (spin-down) from treated leaves. Run-off occured at concentrations from 0.0005 g a.i. 1−1 and reached a peak at 0.01 g a.i. 1−1. Spin-down was more predominant at concentrations above 0.01 g a.i. 1−1. Spin-down and run-off proportions varied with fluvalinate formulation. Oviposition was temporarily suppressed on fluvalinate-treated leaves, presumably because of an irritant effect which reduced feeding. An emulsifiable concentrate formulation caused the largest reductions in oviposition. Oviposition returned to the level exhibited by untreated mites two days after removal from treated surfaces. Oviposition and feeding were positively correlated and both declined reciprocally with increasing fluvalinate concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 34 (1991), S. 827-828 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Gallbladder ; Carcinoma ; Ulcerative colitis ; Primary sclerosing cholangitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors present the cases of two patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder complicating chronic ulcerative colitis. Both patients had concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis. Twelve such cases of gallbladder carcinoma have been reported in the literature. The presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with ulcerative colitis is associated with malignancy of the extrahepatic biliary tree. It is suggested that, if colectomy is necessary, the liver should be biopsied and a cholecystectomy performed if the gallbladder is deemed abnormal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 6 (1993), S. 79-91 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: associative learning ; grasshopper ; palpation ; plant surface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The behavioral responses of final-instar nymphs of Schistocerca americanato a variety of acceptable and unacceptable plants were recorded. Palpation occurred on all plants and the palps are involved in both acceptance and rejection. On most unacceptable plants, rejection was at first dependent on biting the leaf, but subsequently on Lantana, Machaeranthera, Moms,and Physalis,rejection often occurred after palpation of the surface alone. This is consistent with the suggestion that associative learning occurs. This response did not wane even when the insects had been without food for over 2 h. There was also some evidence of an innate response to the surface characteristics of Physalis.The features of the surfaces that produced these responses were not determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 7 (1964), S. 115-119 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Kohlfliege, Hylemyia brassicae (Bouché), wurde vom Ei bis zur Imago auf keimfreiem Kohlrüben-Gewebe gezogen. Insgesamt verpuppten sich 17 aseptische Larven; und die 6 Männchen und 7 Weibchen, die später daraus schlüpften, waren ebenfalls bakterienfrei. Die Larven entwickelten sich nicht auf hitzesterilisiertem Gewebe, oder wenn dieses Gewebe mit fäulniserregenden Bakterien versetzt wurde. Ein Vergleich der Larvalentwicklung auf aseptischen Kohlrüben-Stücken, die mit verschiedenen Arten fäulniserregender Bakterien infiziert waren, zeigt, daß sich die Larven am besten entwickelten, wenn keine Bakterien anwesend waren oder wenn das Kohlrüben-Gewebe nur langsam faulte. Es kamen weniger Larven zur Verpuppung, und die Puparien waren am kleinsten, wenn die Larven mit Kohlrüben-Gewebe ernährt wurden, das infolge Befalls mit Erwinia atroseptica (van Hall) Jennison oder Erwinia carotovora (Jones) Holland rasch faulte. Die Verpuppungs-Prozentsätze der Larven nach Fütterung mit Kohlrüben-Stücken, die mit E. atroseptica, E. carotovora, einer unbekannten Erwinia-Art (die eine langsame Fäulnis verursacht) oder einem Gemisch von E. atroseptica und der Erwinia-Art infiziert waren, sowie in der Kontrolle (ohne Bakterien), betrugen 28, 55, 70, 81, und 75%. Eine unbekannte Erwinia-Art, die durchgängig von verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien der Kohlfliege von Kohlrüben-Feldern isoliert werden konnte, hemmte die von E. atroseptica ausgelösten Fäulnisprozesse, wenn ein Gemisch der beiden Bakterien in Kohlrüben-Gewebestücke gebracht wurde. Dies vermag zum Teil das geringe Auftreten der Weichfäule auf Kohlrüben-Feldern zu erklären, die von Kohlfliegen befallen sind.
    Notes: Abstract The cabbage maggot, Hylemyia brassicae (Bouché) was reared from egg to adult under aseptic conditions on rutabaga (Swede; Brassica napus napobrassica). No larvae survived either on contaminated or uncontaminated rutabaga plugs sterilized by heat. A comparison of larval development on rutabaga inoculated with several species of decay-producing bacteria showed that larvae developed best on healthy uncontaminated rutabaga tissue or on rutabaga tissue that decayed slowly. Survival was lowest and puparia were smallest when larvae fed on plugs that were decayed rapidly by virulent soft-rot bacteria.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 7 (1964), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Beziehung zweier Kohlfliegen-Populationen (Hylemyia brassicae Bouché) zu fäulniserregenden Bakterien an Kreuzblütlern in Verbindung mit dem von den Larven verursachten Schaden untersucht. 92 bez. 90% der Eier und 100 bez. 35% der Puparien, die sich an Kohlrüben und Chinakohl entwickelten, trugen pathogene Bakterien. Pathogene Kulturen wurden von 44% der Präpuppen-Häute aus Puparien der Chinakohl-Populationen erhalten. Die Larven vermochten fäulniserregende Bakterien wirksam auf gesunde Gewebe zu übertragen und förderten die Entwicklung und Ausbreitung der Fäule. Beim Schlüpfen waren die Imagines innerlich nicht stark kontaminiert, beschmierten sich aber offenbar äußerlich durch Kontakt mit dem Inneren der Puppengehäuse und der Präpuppen-Häute. Ein als Erwinia spec. identifizierter Bakterientyp konnte durchgängig von allen Stadien der Kohlfliege isoliert werden, die sich an Kohlrüben entwickelten. Er verursacht bei Kohlrüben eine langsame nekrotische Fäulnis und dunkle Verfärbung der befallenen Gewebe. Dieses Bakterium scheint antagonistisch zu anderen Bakterien zu sein, da nur sehr wenige andere Keime mit Stadien der Insekten dieser Population vergesellschaftet gefunden wurden. Umgekehrt fanden sich viele verschiedene Bakterientypen auf Stadien der auf dem Chinakohl lebenden Kohlfliegen. Die Virulenz der pathogenen Kulturen variierte beträchtlich, jedoch verursachten alle irgendeine Art der Weichfäule. Einige dieser aus dem Inneren oberflächlich sterilisierter Puparien isolierten Kulturen wurden als Pseudomonas spec. and Aerobacter spec. bestimmt. Die Art der bakteriellen Kontamination der Kohlfliege scheint hauptsächlich von der Empfänglichkeit ihrer kreuzblütigen Wirtspflanzen gegenüber verschiedenen Typen der Fäulnis nach Verletzung durch die Kohlfliegenmaden abhängig zu sein. Die allgemeinen Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Insekt und den fäulniserregenden Bakterien werden beschrieben.
    Notes: Abstract Bacteria pathogenic to crucifers were isolated from 92% of the eggs from flies of the cabbage maggot, Hylemyia brassicae (Bouché) of a population from rutabaga (Swede; Brassica napus napobrassica) and from 90% of those from a population from Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis). The larvae transmitted the decay-causing bacteria to healthy tissues and aided in the development and spread of the rot. Of bacterial isolates from the interior of surface-sterile puparia, decay was caused by 100% of those from the rutabaga population and 35% of those from Chinese cabbage. Pathogenic cultures were also obtained from 44% of the prepupal linings of the Chinese cabbage population. The light internal contamination of adults at eclosion showed that the flies became contaminated externally from the interior of the puparia. The two populations of H. brassicae studied were contaminated with distinctly different types of bacteria. Erwinia sp., the predominant isolate from the rutabaga population, grew best on rutabaga. It caused a slow necrotic collapse and a dark pigmentation of the tissues, but not a soft-rot. Many different types of bacterial contaminants were associated with the stages of the cabbage maggot from Chinese cabbage. Green pigmenting, non-pathogenic forms were very prevalent. All pathogenic cultures caused some type of soft-rot. Some of these cultures were identified as Pseudomonas sp. and Aerobacter sp.
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