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  • 1990-1994  (3)
  • 1955-1959
  • Menopause  (2)
  • Cerebral vasospasm  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasound bone densitometry of the os calcis in Japanese women (1994)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 4 (1994), S. 220-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Calcaneus ; Dual X-ray absorptiometry ; Menopause ; Osteoporosis ; Ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The velocity (SOS), attenuation slope (BUA) and stiffness index in the os calcis were measured using the ‘Achilles’ ultrasound bone densitometer (Lunar, Madison, WI). We evaluated the basic attributes of this ultrasound bone densitometer, and showed the age-related changes in ultrasound values in normal Japanese women. The precision was measured in vivo on ten occasions over a 2-week period in 5 subjects. The short-term precision errors (CVs) in vivo were 0.6% for stiffness index, 0.3% for SOS and 1.0% for BUA. Spine, femur neck and total body BMD using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were highly correlated with stiffness index (r=0.80, 0.77 and 0.78, respectively) in 194 subjects. Ultrasound values for patients with osteoporosis were significantly lower than those for the normal controls. TheZ-score compared with young normals was significantly higher for spine bone mineral density (−4.4) than for stiffness index (−3.5); BUA and SOS gave significantly lowerZ-scores −2.9 and −3.0, respectively). Ultrasound values were also lower compared with age-matched normal controls. TheZ-score for stiffness index (−2.1) was significantly superior to that for either SOS or BUA (−1.5). Age-related change in ultrasound values was evaluated in 842 normal women. There was a decline in stiffness index of about 24% from the values in young adulthood to those of women in their seventies, about 75% of which occurred from age 44–49 years onward. These findings seem to indicate that the menopause affected the change in ultrasound values. In conclusion, ultrasound bone densitometry may not be as useful as DXA of the spine for screening for osteoporosis, since theZ-score for DXA is excellent. However, ultrasound bone densitometry appears potentially to be applicable to problems in the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis when used in association with DXA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623242
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of menopause on biochemical markers and ultrasound densitometry in healthy females (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 420-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Menopause ; Hydroxypyridinium crosslinks ; Osteocalcin ; Ultrasound bone densitometer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Urinary pyridinoline (pyr) and deoxypyridinoline (dpyr) are new markers for bone resorption, and serum osteocalcin reportedly indicates osteoblastic activity. Recently, a new ultrasound bone densitometer instrument has been developed that measures ultrasonic properties of the os calcis, namely, the speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), and stiffness index. The effects of menopause on biochemical markers and ultrasound densitometry were investigated in 40 healthy females, 36–39 years, with regular menstruation, and in 117 healthy perimenopausal females, 47–57 years, who were divided into a premenopausal group and a postmenopausal group. Significantly elevated values of pyr, dpyr, and serum osteocalcin were found for the postmenopausal group as a whole compared with the premenopausal group. We examined postmenopausal groups 48–57 years of age stratified into 2-year intervals (within 2 years of the menopause, 2–4 years postmenopause and 4–6 years postmenopause). Elevated values of urinary pyr, dpyr, and serum osteocalcin were evident even in the first 2 years postmenopause compared with the premenopausal group, and these higher values were exhibited until 6 years after menopause. We found a significant decrease in SOS, BUA, and stiffness index of the postmenopausal group as a whole, compared with those of the premenopausal group. SOS, BUA, and stiffness index of the group within 2 years of menopause significantly decreased compared with those of the premenopausal group. The Z-scores of the increase in biochemical markers and the decrease in stiffness index in the postmenopausal group were approximately 0.7–1.3 compared with the premenopausal group. The results suggest that these biochemical markers and ultrasound densitometry are potentially sensitive parameters of postmenopausal bone change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298555
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normovolaemic induced hypertension therapy for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 103 (1990), S. 18-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral vasospasm ; haemorrhagic infarction ; intracranial aneurysm ; normovolaemic induced hypertension therapy ; subarachnoid haemorrhage ; Swan-Ganz catheter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We showed that normovolaemic induced hypertension therapy was effective in reducing ischaemic symptoms attributed to cerebral vasospasm in 41 patients after subarachnoid haemorrhage. By inducing hypertension to 25% to 50% above normal systolic arterial blood pressure, we observed that in 17 of 24 cases (71%) neurological deficits improved. In four cases of haemorrhagic infarction, the blood pressure rose to over 50% of systolic arterial pressure, and a low density area was confirmed on computerized tomography (CT) scan prior to vasospasm. Induced hypertension was therefore not considered when a low density area was revealed on CT scan. Restriction of fluid input is usually a factor in producing hypovolaemia after a neurosurgical operation. Intravascular volume expansion has been reported effective in reversing ischaemic deficits. However, according to Poiseuille's equation, increasing blood volume to a state of hypervolaemia can not enhance flow. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) was raised by increasing perfusion pressure, reducing viscosity, or increasing blood vessel diameter. Intravascular volume expansion elevates not only systemic arterial pressure, but also pulmonary artery wedge pressure over 18 mmHg and cardiac index over 2.2. Since pulmonary oedema and congestive heart failure may develop, one should monitor haemodynamic parameters with the Swan-Ganz catheter as a preventive measure. We emphasize that normovolaemic induced hypertension, maintaining haemodynamics subset 1 of the comparable haemodynamic subsets, is effective in raising perfusion pressure of CBF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01420187
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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