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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expert systems for method development and validation in HPLC (1991)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 104 (1991), S. 493-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: expert systems ; method development ; method validation ; HPLC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract ESCA, Expert Systems Applied to Chemical Analysis, started its research in March 1987, with the aim of building prototype expert systems for HPLC method development. Results of this research have been published as the work has progressed. The project is now completed and this paper summarises some of the overall project conclusions. Seven different expert systems have been built which tackle problems throughout the process of method development, four stand-alone systems and three integrated systems. The object of ESCA was to evaluate the applicability of expert system technology to analytical chemistry and not all the systems were built for commercial uses. Many of the systems tackle problems specific to one or more of the partners and thus may not be useful outside this environment. However, the results of the work are still pertinent to analysts wishing to build their own systems. These results are described, however, the emphasis of the paper is on those systems developed for method validation. Method validation for HPLC is a complex task which requires many characteristics of the method to be tested, e.g. accuracy, precision, etc. The expert systems built within ESCA concern the validation of precision. Two systems were developed for repeatability testing and ruggedness testing. The method validation process can be divided into several discrete stages, these include: (1) The selection of the method feature to test, for instance which factors can influence the ruggedness of a method. (2) The definition of a test procedure, for instance an efficient statistical design. (3) The execution of experiments and the interpretation of results. (4) A diagnosis of any observed problem. This paper describes these two systems in some detail and summarises some of the results obtained from their evaluation. It concludes that expert systems can be useful in solving analytical problems and the integration of several expert systems can provide extremely powerful tools for the analyst.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01245534
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The identification and metabolism of GA9 and its metabolites in seed coats and shoots of pea, line G2 (1991)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 10 (1991), S. 13-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Gibberellins ; GA9 ; GA20 ; GA29 ; GA51 ; GA70 ; GA29-catabolite ; GA51-catabolite ; Pisum sativum ; shoot ; seed coats ; testa ; HPLC ; GC-MS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract [3H]gibberellin A9 was applied to shoots or seed parts of G2 pea to produce radiolabeled metabolites. These were used as markers during purification for the recovery of endogenous GA9 and its naturally occurring metabolites. GA9 and its metabolites were purified by HPLC, derivatized and examined by GC-MS. Endogenous GA9, GA20, GA29 and GA51 were identified in pea shoots and seed coats. GA51-catabolite and GA29-catabolite were also detected in seed coats. GA70 was detected in seed coats following the application of 1 μg of GA9. Applied [3H]GA9 was metabolized through both the 13-hydroxylation and 2β-hydroxylation pathways. Labeled metabolites were tentatively identified on the basis of co-chromatography on HPLC with endogenous compounds identified by GC-MS. In shoots [3H]GA51 and [3H]GA51-catabolite were the predominant metabolites after 6 hrs, but by 24 hrs there was little of these metabolites remaining, while [3H]GA29-catabolite and an unidentified metabolite predominated. In seed coats [3H]GA51 was the initial product, later followed by [3H]GA51-catabolite and an unidentified metabolite (different from that in shoots), with lesser amounts of [3H]GA20, [3H]GA29 and [3H]GA29-catabolite. [3H]GA70 was a very minor product in both cases. [3H]GA9 was not metabolized by pea cotyledons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035127
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoselective analysis of ketorolac in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 5 (1993), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: ketorolac enantiomers ; HPLC ; plasma concentrations ; nonnarcotic analgesic ; nonopiate analgesic ; diastereomers ; nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ; stereoselective pharmacokinetics ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analytical method is described for the quantification of the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of ketorolac when present together in human plasma. The method involves derivatization with thionyl chloride/(S)-1-phenylethylamine and subsequent reversed-phase chromatography of the diastereomeric (S)-1-phenylethylamides of (R)- and (S)-ketorolac. The method is suitable for the analysis of large numbers of plasma samples and has been applied in this report to a pharmacokinetic study of ketorolac enantiomers upon intramuscular administration of racemic drug to a human subject. The limit of quantification for each enantiomer of ketorolac is 50 ng/ml (signal-to-noise ratio 〉 10). © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530050107
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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