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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Value of antibodies to GAD65 combined with islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies for predicting IDDM in a childhood population (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 917-924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words GAD65 antibodies ; islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies ; predictive value ; IDDM in childhood.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The value of a test for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies together with a test for GAD65 antibodies to predict the subsequent development of diabetes over a period of 11.5 years was assessed in an open childhood population comprising 2,805 individuals. A single serum sample was obtained from each individual between 1975 and 1977 and screened for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies for which eight individuals were positive (0.29 %). During the average follow-up period of 11.5 years, four of eight islet cell antibody positive and three islet cell antibody negative individuals developed clinical diabetes. Sera from all individuals, who were islet cell antibody positive and/or developed diabetes (total of 11) and from 100 randomly selected control subjects were analysed for GAD65 antibodies. Six of eight islet cell antibody positive individuals were GAD65 antibody positive including all four who subsequently developed IDDM. Furthermore, one of the three islet cell antibody negative individuals who developed IDDM was GAD65 antibody positive both in 1976 and in 1989. Thus, a positive test for GAD65 antibodies alone correctly predicted diabetes in five of seven children, who developed the disease. Only one of the children, who developed diabetes was positive for insulin autoantibodies and this individual was also positive for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies and GAD65 antibodies. One of the 100 control subjects was positive for GAD65 antibodies (1 %). The results suggest that a single GAD65 antibody test may have a higher sensitivity for predicting IDDM than a test for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies, but that a combined positive test for both antibodies increases the specificity for predicting IDDM over a period of 11.5 years. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 917–924]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400948
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Value of antibodies to GAD65 combined with islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies for predicting IDDM in a childhood population (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 917-924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: GAD65 antibodies ; islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies ; predictive value ; IDDM in childhood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The value of a test for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies together with a test for GAD65 antibodies to predict the subsequent development of diabetes over a period of 11.5 years was assessed in an open childhood population comprising 2,805 individuals. A single serum sample was obtained from each individual between 1975 and 1977 and screened for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies for which eight individuals were positive (0.29%). During the average follow-up period of 11.5 years, four of eight islet cell antibody positive and three islet cell antibody negative individuals developed clinical diabetes. Sera from all individuals, who were islet cell antibody positive and/ or developed diabetes (total of 11) and from 100 randomly selected control subjects were analysed for GAD65 antibodies. Six of eight islet cell antibody positive individuals were GAD65 antibody positive including all four who subsequently developed IDDM. Furthermore, one of the three islet cell antibody negative individuals who developed IDDM was GAD65 antibody positive both in 1976 and in 1989. Thus, a positive test for GAD65 antibodies alone correctly predicted diabetes in five of seven children, who developed the disease. Only one of the children, who developed diabetes was positive for insulin autoantibodies and this individual was also positive for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies and GAD65 antibodies. One of the 100 control subjects was positive for GAD65 antibodies (1%). The results suggest that a single GAD65 antibody test may have a higher sensitivity for predicting IDDM than a test for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies, but that a combined positive test for both antibodies increases the specificity for predicting IDDM over a period of 11.5 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400948
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selbstmordversuch mit Zeliokörnern (1938)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 9 (1938), S. A11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02452232
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determinants of disease and disability in the elderly: The Rotterdam elderly study (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 7 (1991), S. 403-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Aging ; Cohort study ; Determinants ; Disease ; Epidemiology ; Followup study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this paper the Rotterdam Elderly Study is presented. The aim of the study is to investigate determinants of disease occurrence and progression in the elderly. In addition to contributing to our understanding of the etiology of geriatric illnesses, the study is expected to lead to specific recommendations for intervention. The study focusses on causally related determinants of major diseases in the elderly. Fields of interest for the Rotterdam Elderly Study are- conditions which interfere the most with the quality of life for the elderly. The aims of the Rotterdam Elderly Study are: (1) To investigate, by means of epidemiologic, clinical and basic research, the determinants of diseases in order to assess their etiologic significance. (2) To investigate potentially modifiable determinants in order to be able to develop preventive strategies by providing specific recommendations for intervention studies. The Rotterdam Elderly Study focusses on four primary areas of research: neurogeriatric diseases, cardiovascular diseases, locomotor diseases and ophthalmologic diseases. It is a prospective follow-up study, in which determinants of disease and determintants of progression of disease will be investigated in the total population of 55 years or over of the district of Ommoord in Rotterdam. It is anticipated that about 1–0,000 people will participate in the study and they will be examined in the period of 1991 to 1995.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00145007
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cardiovascular risk and all-cause mortality; A 12 year follow-up study in The Netherlands (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 9 (1993), S. 285-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Cardiovascular risk ; All-cause mortality ; Risk function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To assess the contribution of cardiovascular risk indicators to all-cause mortality, we used data from a follow-up study conducted in the Netherlands since 1975. Of 6,057 participants aged 20 years or over at the start of the study, 9.5% died during the 9 to 12 year follow-up period. Risk indicators independently related to all-cause mortality were age and diabetes mellitus in both sexes; pulse rate, smoking habits, antihypertensive drug use and a history of myocardial infarction most clearly in men; and body mass index and systolic blood pressure in women. A larger body mass index was associated with a gradual decrease in mortality probability. The risk of death for women in the highest quartile of body mass index (〉 26.4 kg/m2) relative to those in the lowest quartile (〈 21.9 kg/m2) was 0.56 (95% confidence limits 0.36 and 0.87). Serum cholesterol level showed no association with overall mortality. Risk functions were calculated to predict an individual's probability of dying within 11.5 years as a function of the level of cardiovascular risk indicators. Our findings suggest that the major cardiovascular risk indicators, apart from affecting cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, also influence all-cause mortality. Consequently, favourable changes in these charateristics might lead to an increase in life expectancy. The maximum individual benefit to be expected from these changes may be estimated using the risk functions derived from our data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146265
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in relation to animal spongiform encephalopathies: A collaborative study in Europe (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 7 (1991), S. 466-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Animal spongiform encephalopathy ; Bovine spongiform encephalopathy ; Risk factors ; Europe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes a study of the risk of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in various European countries. The objectives of the study are to investigate the frequency of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and other human spongiform encephalophaties in Europe in relation to animal spongiform encephalophaties, and to assess the risk of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in relation to genetic, occupational and nutritional factors. The study will consist of three parts: the establishment of registries of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease on the basis of cases in the registries, and molecular genetic studies with material collected in the registries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00143123
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High blood pressure and the incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: Findings in A 11.5 year follow-up study in the Netherlands (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of epidemiology 9 (1993), S. 134-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Blood pressure ; Diuretics ; Heart rate ; Obesity ; Risk factors ; Follow-up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To examine the contribution of cardiovascular risk factors to the development of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, a prospective follow-up study was performed of a cohort, initially examined in a population survey on cardiovascular risk factors. The survey was conducted from 1975 to 1978 in the Netherlands among 5700 men and women aged 20 to 65. In 1988 a questionnaire on the prevalence of chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, was sent to all living participants of the initial survey. The general practitioners of the persons who indicated to have diabetes mellitus were asked to confirm the diagnosis. Diabetes mellitus was defined as current use of oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin. After exclusion of the prevalent cases at the initial survey, 65 incident confirmed cases remained. All others responding to the questionnaire served as controls. The incidence of diabetes mellitus was associated with body mass index, use of diuretics, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. After adjustment for age and body mass index systolic and diastolic blood pressure were still associated with the incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in men; relative risks 1.28 (95% confidence interval 1.06–1.54) and 1.40 (95% CI 1.06–1.85) per 10 mmHg respectively. For women, only the relative risk associated with the use of diuretics remained statistically significant (2.26, 95% CI 1.04–4.90). This probably reflects the risk of (treated) hypertension: adjusted for blood pressure, the relative risk lost statistical significance. These findings suggest that elevated blood pressure is a risk for the development of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This supports the view that NIDDM and hypertension may have a similar origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00158782
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of cerebral perfusion with single-photon emission tomography in normal subjects and in patients with Alzheimer's disease: effects of region of interest selection (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 21 (1994), S. 1044-1051 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Dementia ; Singlephoton emission tomography ; Region of interest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The shape, size and location of regions of interest (ROls) show considerable variability between single-photon emission tomography (SPET) studies in aging and Alzheimer's disease, but the possible influence on study results remains unknown. We compared three different ROIs in a SPET study with 60 controls and in 48 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease diagnosed according to the NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was assessed with SPET using technetium-99m d,l-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO), normalized to the mean activity in a cerebellar reference slice. The three different ROIs were: a multi-slice and a single-slice ROI with reference to the normal brain anatomy (using an anatomical atlas), and a rectangular (2×4 pixels) ROI in the frontal, temporal, temporoparietal and occipital cortices. No differences were observed for the means of rCBF values between the single-slice and multi-slice ROI's with reference to the normal anatomy, but some variability was present for individual comparisons. In contrast, significantly higher mean rCBF values were obtained with the single-slice rectangular ROls in all four regions for both patients and controls and considerable variability was shown for individual subjects. After analysis with multivariate logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic curves, the ability of SPET to discriminate between controls and Alzheimer patients was similar in the three methods for mild and moderate Alzheimer patients (Global Deterioration Scale = GDS of 3 and 4). However, with increasing dementia severity (GDS〉4) the rectangular ROIs showed lower ability to discriminate between groups compared to the singleslice and multi-slice anatomically defined ROIs. This study suggests that results of rCBF assessment with SPET using 99mTc-HMPAO in patients with severe Alzheimer's disease are influenced by the shape and size of the ROI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00181058
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