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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nerve-sparing retroperitoneal lymph-node dissection (RPLND) maintains the patient's ability to ejaculate postoperatively. However, since testicular cancer patients sometimes have diminished spermatogenesis, questions have been raised as to the advisability of nerve preservation relative to ultimate fertility. Fertility status was assessed in clinical stage A patients by two methods. These included standard semen analysis and a post-RPLND survey. The results show that approximately 75% of nonseminomatous testicular cancer patients who present in clinical stage A have fertility potential as based on semen analysis. Additionally, of those patients responding to the post-RPLND survey who had attempted pregnancy following RPLND, 76% reported attainment of pregnancy. Nerve-sparing RPLND maintains fertility potential in clinical stage I patients; furthermore, this fertility potential appears to be worth preserving as many patients will be capable of impregnating their partners.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Oxford : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Review of English studies. 3 (1927) 450 
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1994), S. 417-424 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Avian dietary toxicity tests were conducted with seven pesticides, two age groups (2 and 16 weeks old) of northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and two durations (5 and 28 days) of exposure. Results were analyzed with an emphasis placed upon comparing mortalities on similar test conditions. An analysis that used the entire dose-time-response results led to the calculation of a common measure (asymptotic rate e) of temporal development of the response surface and served as a basis of comparison of diverse test results. The asymptotic median lethal concentrations were designated by ALC50 and the median lethal concentrations at the end of a test period by LC50. It was found that: (1) Young birds in 5- and 28-day tests were more sensitive to incremental increases in the duration of exposure than adults. (2) Young birds were less sensitive to incremental increases of dietary concentration than adults only in the 5-day test and displayed delayed response patterns in six of seven chemicals in those tests. (3) LC50 values of 5-day tests of young birds were greater than LC50 values of 28-day tests, but the corresponding ALC50s were smaller in 5-day tests than 28-day tests. (4) ALC50s for 28-day tests were lower for young birds than for adults. The analysis based on the whole response surface can be used in the design of experiments, in utilizing less than optimum test results due to difficulties encountered during the test in selecting optimum dietary concentration, in linking results of short term exposure with long-term exposure, and in interpreting results of variable exposure tests on a common basis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 27 (1994), S. 534-540 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency uses a simple exposure nomogram to make preliminary assessments of the pesticide residues concentrations on foods of terrestrial wildlife. This study was conducted to measure the spatial and temporal distribution of the organophosphorus insecticide azinphos-methyl (Guthion® 2S) in a dense alfalfa crop to evaluate the assumptions used in this nomogram and to determine the influences of application rate and spatial distribution of residues on the potential dietary exposure to herbivores. Concentrations of azinphos-methyl were measured on spray cards, soil, and alfalfa plants (top 15 cm and bottom 15 cm) on plots treated at 0, 0.77, 1.55, 3.11, and 4.67 kg active ingredient/ha (4 enclosures/treatment) at 2 h and 2, 6, 14 and 28 days after application. Although the concentrations measured on spray cards were very close to predicted, the concentrations on alfalfa canopy vegetation were higher than expected from the nomogram and increased at a faster rate with increasing application rate than expected. Concentrations were 1.5–2.4 times higher in the alfalfa canopy than on alfalfa near soil level. Variability among alfalfa samples within treatments was high, with part of the variation in canopy samples explained by the distance to the end of the spray boom. Only 16–32% of pesticide reached the soil surface. The calculated half-life of azinophos-methyl was 2.5–4.5 days on vegetation and 19.3 days on soil. Dietary exposure to small herbivores would be expected to exceed nomogram predictions, but be highly variable for individuals due to the patchy nature of the pesticide distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    London : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of historical geography. 18:2 (1992:Apr.) 225 
    ISSN: 0305-7488
    Topics: Geography
    Description / Table of Contents: Europe
    Notes: Reviews
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 10 (1994), S. 165-175 
    ISSN: 1573-0743
    Keywords: digital angiography ; cineangiography ; digital archiving
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The clinical application of quantitative methods for coronary arteriography remains limited, due in large part to the absence of a suitable replacement for cinefilm as the procedure record. The extension to the clinical environment of the validated objective methods which have found such widespread acceptance in clinical research studies is difficult to implement if the time-consuming and variable process for digitization of selected cinefilm frames is required. In addition, the complete integration of the angiographic procedure record with other patient records and procedures stored in a digital data format requires that the angiographic data eventually be converted to a digital format as well. Replacement of cinefilm requires that the media chosen for the task provide at least the same capabilities and preferably improved functions as those provided by cinefilm as a display, transport, and archival media. The demanding set of requirements imposed on the replacement options include high capacity, high acquisition rate, high transfer rate, application in a distributed environment, portability between institutions, and low expense. A true digital solution should also provide immediate access to the results of the angiographic procedure, transfer of image data over digital networks, multiple-user viewing capability, and quantitative analysis on a routine basis for all patients. In fact, a single media may not provide all the capabilities listed above but, rather, different media may need to be used for specialized tasks, i.e. the solution for archival may not be the same that will be employed as the portable patient record. Separation of the archival function from the acquisition/display and portable transfer functions increases the likelihood that cinefilm can be replaced in the imminent future by reducing the demands on a single media. Among the archival options available today are: (1) magnetic disks; (2) analog laser optical disks; (3) digital laser optical disks; (4) digital file-based magnetic tape; (5) digital video magnetic tape. In evaluating each of these alternatives, an accounting is required of how each meets the archival requirements along with an approximate breakdown of cost and readiness for implementation as a clinical solution today.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 10 (1991), S. 55-61 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Transducer model ; layered nonlinear function ; image restoration ; eddy current
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We describe in this short paper a new imaging model for the spatial magnitude response of an absolute eddy current transducer to a flaw. This model is appropriate for image restoration purposes in that it captures the transducer response with sufficient accuracy for image restoration, yet is simple enough to be computationally practical. The model described in this paper is based on a simple resistive loop approximation to the transducer impedance changes induced by a flaw, and is efficiently implemented as layers of linear blurring functions and nonlinear point operations. The model is shown to accurately reflect the magnitude response of an absolute transducer to an EDM slot in a non-ferrous alloy. Furthermore, the model is shown to produce good restoration results for both synthetic and real images of flaws. The model may be adapted to a particular combination of absolute transducer and surface flaw type by optimizing the model parameters, either by forming the partial derivatives with respect to the parameters and minimizing by gradient descent, or by a straightforward implementation of a neural net back-propagation algorithm. Other types of eddy current transducers may be modeled by simply modifying the spatial layers to combine the local terms appropriately for the geometry of the transducer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 10 (1991), S. 127-137 
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Nonlinear image restoration ; maximum likelihood estimation ; constrained gradient descent ; relaxed spectral constraint ; eddy current image restoration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We present in this paper an image restoration method for recovering the geometry of a flaw in a conducting surface from an eddy current image. Image restoration is formulated as a maximum likelihood estimation problem and is solved using constrained iterative gradient descent. A novel frequency-domain constraint relaxation algorithm is used to control the iterative restoration process. The technique is applied to eddy current images generated by sampling the output of an absolute transducer on a dense grid, creating smoothly blurred images of crack-like flaws. The following results were obtained: (1) Images of a range of sizes of electrical discharge machined (EDM) slots in the surface of a non-ferrous block that encompassed the transducer coil diameter were successfully restored. (2) Excellent results were also obtained for synthetic flaw images with very low signal-to-noise ratios. (3) Synthetic images of multiple flaws spaced less than a coil diameter apart were restored. (4) synthetic images of “V” and pit-shaped flaws were successfully restored. The principal conclusions drawn from this work are: (1) Representing a nonlinear system with layers of linear blurs and non-linear point transformations is general, permitting efficient gradient descent on any analytic system function. (2) Smooth blurring functions in the gradient improve the stability of the algorithm. (3) The accuracy of the estimate is improved dramatically by restoring portions of estimate spectrum which correspond to the highest signal-to-noise ratio band in the observation spectrum first.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of genetic counseling 2 (1993), S. 261-273 
    ISSN: 1573-3599
    Keywords: family history ; genetic counseling ; pedigree ; quality assurance ; reproductive ; technology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract To assess the variation in usage of symbols used in recording a genetic family history, full members of the National Society of Genetic Counselors were surveyed by questionnaire. The questionnaire return rate was 55.3% and genetic counselors from a broad range of clinical experience, genetic counseling training programs and geographic regions responded. There was striking variation in symbols used for recording routine medical information in a genetic family history (i.e., pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, termination of pregnancy). There was even less consensus in recording situations representing new reproductive technologies (i.e., artificial insemination by donor semen, donor ovum, surrogate motherhood). The results of this survey document the need for developing standardized nomenclature in recording genetic family histories as a quality assurance measure in the delivery of genetic services. Such standardization will reduce the chance of incorrect interpretation of patient and family medical and genetic information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 21 (1990), S. 699-702 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The NIR FT Raman spectrum of bacteriorhodopsin is reported. By comparison with previously published spectra it appears that there is some degree of resonance enhancement. Also reported is the spectrum of a sample of blue dyed cotton. Resonance enhancement is proposed to explain strong features in the spectrum not present in either undyed or red dyed material.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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