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Digitale Medien

Temperature measurement using degenerate four-wave mixing with non-saturating laser powers (1994)

Smith, A. P. ; Astill, A. G.

Springer

Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 459-466

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ISSN: 1432-0649

Schlagwort(e): 82.40.Py ; 07.20.Dt ; 07.65.-b ; 33.20.Lg

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Physik

Notizen: Abstract We report the use of Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing (DFWM) in the OHA 2 Σ + ←X 2 ∏ (υ′ = 0 ←υ″ = 0) band for temperature determination in a propane/air flame using laser powers below the saturation level. We show that at these low power levels the dependence of the signal on the dipole moment for the transition has to be established before meaningful temperature data can be obtained. This presents a paradox in that the temperature has to be known before the form of the dependence on the dipole moment can be determined. Solutions to this paradox are presented. We also show that absorption of the laser beams in this OH band system cannot be neglected and that failure to correctly account for the absorption leads to a large over estimate of the flame temperature. Furthermore, we show that the accuracy of the absorption-corrected temperature is critically dependent on the accuracy with which the measurement position within the flame is known. Finally, the temperature calculated from DFWM spectra using the correct dipole moment power and absorption is compared to the temperatures obtained using Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) and Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS).

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081076

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Digitale Medien

Comparison of techniques for extracting volatile compounds from conifer needles (1990)

Muzika, R. -M. ; Campbell, C. L. ; Hanover, J. W. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2713-2722

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Schlagwort(e): Monoterpenes ; Abies grandis ; Picea pungens ; steam distillation ; extraction ; secondary chemicals ; grand fir ; blue spruce ; coefficient of variation ; MANOVA

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Abstract Five extraction techniques were used to obtain quantitative measurements of monoterpenes from blue spruce and grand fir needles. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant difference in the amount of each monoterpene extracted by using different techniques. For both species, an 8-hr steam distillation of 10 g of material yielded the greatest amount of each monoterpene. This technique was also the most reproducible in that the coefficients of variation were lowest. A rapid steam distillation was relatively effective for grand fir, but not for blue spruce. A CO2 extraction was unreliable for both species.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988080

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