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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population screening for low bone mineral density: Do non-attenders have a lower risk of osteoporosis? (1994)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 4 (1994), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Body weight ; Non-attendance ; Osteoporosis ; Response bias ; Risk factors ; Screening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Poor compliance may be detrimental to the effectiveness of a screening programme if those at greatest risk of the disease do not attend. Therefore we undertook a study to test whether non-attenders to a screening programme for low bone density, a risk factor for osteoporosis, were at a differential risk of low bone density compared with attenders. Seven hundred and eighty-nine women aged 45–49 years living within 32 km of Aberdeen were selected at random from the Community Health Index and invited to attend for screening for low bone density as a risk of factor for osteoporosis. Attenders and non-attenders were surveyed regarding their risk factors for osteoporosis. Non-attenders were significantly heavier than attenders. In addition, 6 non-attenders who subsequently chose to attend had significantly higher body weight and bone mineral density, at Ward's triangle, than initial attenders. Non-attenders to a screening service for bone density may be at lower risk of developing osteoporosis. Non-attendance, therefore, would not be detrimental to the cost-effectiveness of a screening service for bone density. However, this study indicates there is a potential for response bias in studies of bone density and osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623061
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Broadband ultrasound attenuation and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in patients with hip fractures: Which technique discriminates fracture risk (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 466-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Ultrasound ; Hip fractures ; Bone density ; DXA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract There is considerable interest in predicting risk of hip fracture in order to allow targeting of preventive care. This study aimed to determine which of two methods best discriminates a hip fracture population from controls. Fifty women with fractured neck of femur, and 50 control subjects were scanned using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the spine and hip and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) of the os calcis. Significant differences between the two populations could be found for both DXA and BUA, with BUA showing the largest percentage difference (27%). The mean z-scores showed that BUA had the lowest, with the exception of DXA trochanter. However, no significant difference between BUA and DXA trochanter Z-scores was found. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that BUA has a superior sensitivity and specificity compared with DXA measurements, with DXA of the hip being better than the spine. This retrospective study shows that BUA is a better discriminator of hip fracture than DXA lumbar spine of DXA hip, which may have important implications for predicting those at risk of future hip fracture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334324
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chela loss in the shore crab Carcinus maenas (Crustacea: Brachyura) and its effect on mating success (1994)
    Springer
    Marine biology 121 (1994), S. 247-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Field and experimental studies were conducted to determine the incidence of chela loss and its effect on mating success in a population of the shore crab Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus, 1758) inhabiting the Menai Straits, North Wales. The study was performed between 1989 and 1993. Male crabs showed a higher degree of chela loss (12.5%) than females (7.9%). In males, frequencies ranged from ∼10% at sizes 50 mm CW (carapace width) up to ∼30% in the largest crabs of 70 to 80 mm CW. The percentage of females with missing chelae appears to be unrelated to size. The most common type of chela loss in the population studied was of a missing crusher chela of right-handed crabs. Red crabs, which are assumed to be in prolonged intermoult, had a much higher degree of chela loss (20.5%) than the green, early intermoult crabs (9.7%). The proportion of red crabs with chela losses increased with size, possibly reflecting an increase in intermoult duration with size. In green crabs, there was no such increase. The proportion of male crabs with missing chelae found in mating pairs in the field was much lower than that found in the adult unpaired population, suggesting that the loss of a chela constitutes a handicap to a male crab when trying to mate. Also, by studying the relative frequencies of different categories of chela loss, it is suggested that the loss of a crusher chela exerts a more deleterious effect than the loss of a cutter. Experiments were performed in the laboratory where pairs in pre-copula were confronted with an additional single male in various combinations of sizes and patten of chela loss. These showed that the loss of a chela constitutes a handicap for a male crab when either competing for or defending a paired pre-moult female. This handicap was estimated to be equivalent to a reduction in size of 7 to 8 mm CW relative to the size of the competitor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346732
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI of ischemic lesions in gerbil brain (1994)
    Springer
    Magnetic resonance materials in physics, biology and medicine 2 (1994), S. 365-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1352-8661
    Keywords: global forebrain ischemia ; MRI ; histology ; gerbil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Brain temperature was varied during global forebrain ischemia in adult male Mongolian gerbils to produce a graded response to the ischemic insult. The severity of damage in the dorsal hippocampus was then quantified 4 days after the event withT 2-weighted 2DFT images and with histology. Statistically significant correlation was observed between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) score and brain temperature and between MRI score and the area of the CA region in the dorsal hippocampus measured by histology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01705273
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A prospective study of 100 gelatin-sealed aortic grafts (1991)
    Springer
    Annals of vascular surgery 5 (1991), S. 320-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-5947
    Keywords: Grafts ; gelatin-sealed aortic grafts ; aortic implantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A gelatin-sealed knitted Dacron graft has been developed which has zero porosity at Implantation and does not require preclotting. Its patency rate up to 57 months and effectiveness at saving blood loss have been studied. Gelatin-sealed aortic grafts were implanted into 100 consecutive patients-77 men, 23 women. Surgery was performed for aneurysm in 36 patients (including four with rupture), intermittent claudication in 44, rest pain in 17, and gangrene in three, over an 18 month period. The patients were followed up prospectively for 57 months. Perioperative mortality was 1%. Cumulative primary graft patency was 99%. There was no measurable blood loss at implantation. Forty-seven patients required blood transfusion: mean volume transfused was 430 ml. There were no problems related to the sealant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02015291
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of a reduced exercise duration taper programme on performance and muscle enzymes of endurance cyclists (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 65 (1992), S. 30-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Taper ; Oxidative enzymes ; Endurance ; Physiological mechanisms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of tapering on the metabolic and performance parameters in endurance cyclists was investigated. Cyclists (n = 25) trained 5 days · week−1, 60 min·day−1, at 75–85% maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) for 8 weeks and were then randomly assigned to a taper group: 4D (4 days;n = 7), 8D (8 days;n = 6), CON (control, 4 days rest;n = 6), NOTAPER (non-taper, continued training;n = 6). Muscle biopsy specimens taken before and after training and tapering were analysed for carnitine palmityltransferase (CPT), citrate synthase, ß-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), cytochrome oxidase (CYTOX), lactate dehydrogenase, glycogen and protein. Significant increases inVO2max (6%), a 60-min endurance cycle test (34.5%), oxidative enzymes (77–178%), glycogen (35%) and protein (34%) occurred following training. After the taper, HOAD and CPT decreased 25 % (P〈0.05) and 26% respectively, in the CON. Post-taper CYTOX values were different (P〈0.05) for 4D and 8D compared with CON. Muscle glycogen levels were increased (P〈0.05) after tapering in the 4D, 8D and CON, but decreased in NOTAPER. Similarly, power output at ventilation threshold was significantly increased in the 4D (27.4 W) and 8D (27 W) groups, but decreased (22 W) in the NOTAPER. These findings suggest that tapering elicited a physiological adaptation by altering oxidative enzymes and muscle glycogen levels. Such an adaptation may influence endurance cycling during a laboratory performance test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01466271
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study on tissue processing procedures for the immunohistochemical investigation of oral mucosal Langerhans cells (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 26 (1994), S. 134-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An immunoperoxidase technique was used to compare wax-embedded tissue with frozen tissue for quantitative immunohistochemistry of oral mucosal Langerhans cells. Initial experiments using anti-CD1a, -HLADR and -S100 antisera showed that phenotype, fixative, antibody dilution and trypsinisation of the tissue section significantly affected Langerhans cell counts. Only the anti-HLADR antibody detected Langerhans cells in both frozen and wax-embedded sections. Some 38% of S100-positive dendritic cells were situated in the stratum basale, and 41–84% of these contained melanin as determined by double-labelling. Sections from 39 volunteers were then reacted with the anti-CD1a and -HLADR antibodies. The morphology of Langerhans cells was more dendritic in frozen sections, and the mean HLADR-positive Langerhans cells count in frozen sections was significantly higher than that in wax-embedded sections from the same individual. The intra-individual ratio of counts between frozen and wax-embedded sections was variable; hence, the apparent loss of HLADR antigenicity as a result of tissue processing was unpredictable. Counts of CD1a-positive Langerhans cells were consistently higher. We conclude that the use of anti-CD1a antibody on frozen tissue is the optimum method for quantitative studies of oral mucosal Langerhans cells, and that such studies performed on wax-embedded tissue may be unreliable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00157962
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Freja ultraviolet imager (1994)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 70 (1994), S. 421-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Auroral images acquired by satellite instrumentation have proven to be a crucial component of the scientific equiry into the physical processes of the Earth's magnetosphere. TheFreja mission provided an opportunity to extend these measurements into the temporal and spatial regime commonly associated with ground-based optical imagers. Employing the basic procedure used successfully in theViking program allowed image repetition rates of 6 s to be achieved with simultaneous exposure of all pixels within the field-of-view. Typical exposure times of 0.3 s required development of an improved image intensifier system and operational requirements resulted in image formats covering approximately one-third of a spin. Simultaneously exposing two broad-band UV cameras, the instrument generates in its normal operational mode 264.6 kbytes per image pair. Results from initial operations confirm the design approach and suggest such imagers can be routinely included on challenging low cost missions such asFreja.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00756880
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