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  • 1990-1994  (3)
  • Crosslinking  (2)
  • 61.70.−r  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal configurations of oxygen in silicon (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 55 (1992), S. 317-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.70.−r ; 71.55.−i ; 81.40.−z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The central position and the infrared absorption coefficient of the 9 μm band of Si samples were measured with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) at temperatures from T=77 K to 775 K. The infrared absorption coefficients were corrected by considering background absorption and free carrier absorption calculated from the increased free carrier concentration and from the resistivity determined from Hall effect measurements. We found the central position of the 9 μm band to shift to longer wavelengths with increasing temperature. The concentration [Oi] of interstitial oxygen is almost constant for T〈600 K, but decreased rapidly for T〉600 K. These results verified there are two types of thermal configurations of oxygen in silicon: The bonded Si2O configuration with a binding energy E b≈0.8 to 1.0 eV at T≈77 K to 600 K, and the Si2O configuration coexists with a quasi-free interstitial oxygen (QFIO) state for T〉600 K. The lattice potential barrier E L, which retards QFIO atoms from migrating in the lattice, is estimated to be 1.5 to 1.6 eV. From these configurations the anomalous diffusivity of oxygen in silicon can be explained quite well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324078
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced crosslinking: II. Effect on the crystalline and amorphous densities of polyethylene (1991)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 269 (1991), S. 469-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Crosslinking ; radiation ; polyethylene ; density ; crystallinity ; d-spacings ; phase densities ; crosslink locations and mechanisms ; defects ; lateral grain boundaries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to determine the structural changes in polyethylene induced by radiation. The changes in densities of the crystalline and amorphous phases, ρ c and ρ a , were calculated after direct determination of the mean square density fluctuation 〈η2〉. ρ a increases with increasing radiation dose for both linear and branched polyethylene. This accounts for the serious discrepancy between crystallinities determined from wide-angle x-ray scattering and density measurements. This study confirms our previous proposal that crosslinks occur primarily in the noncrystalline phase, most likely at the defects in the lateral grain boundary regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00655884
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced crosslinking: III. Effect on the crystalline and amorphous density fluctuations of polyethylene (1991)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 269 (1991), S. 353-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Crosslinking ; radiation ; polyethylene ; density ; crystallinity ; phasedensities ; densityfluctuation ; phasedensityfluctuations ; Crosslink locations and mechanisms ; defects ; lateral grainboundaries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to determine density fluctuation in radiation-induced crosslinked polyethylene of varying degrees of crystallinity. Density fluctuation FL decreases with increasing crystallinity, while it increases linearly with increasing radiation dose or degree of crosslinking. By means of extrapolation, density fluctuations in the crystalline and the amorphous phasesFL c andFL a were obtained. At a given dose,FL a is greater thanFL c . The increase inFL a with radiation is found to be much greater than that ofFL c compared with the initial values at 0 Mrad,FL c showing only a negligible increase event at 312 Mrad. The present findings suggest that crosslinks are not introduced within the crystalline phase; they take place primarily in the noncrystalline phase, in agreement with the conclusions reached previously on the basis of changes in crystalline and amorphous densities in irradiated polyethylene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00654582
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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