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  • 1990-1994  (25)
  • Synthesis  (17)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (5)
  • Lanthanides  (4)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 15 (1992), S. 637-640 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; On-column injection ; Plasma samples ; Retinoid analysis ; Acitretin isomers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The capillary gas chromatographic (CGC) analysis of the der-matological drug trans-acitretin (NeotigasonR) and its cis metabolite is described. Separation of the methyl ester derivatives can be achieved on a 90% biscyanopropylsiloxane phase. The importance of using cold on-column injection and short, thin film capillary columns is discussed. For patients treated with the prodrug of acitretin, etretinate (TigasonR), i.e. the ethyl ester of Neotigason, three compounds have to be separated. Selectivity tuning is required for successful CGC separation. An alternative can be found in the selectivity of ion monitoring mass spectroscopy. Analysis of plasma samples involves liquid-liquid extraction, a derivatization step, and HPLC purification.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 16 (1993), S. 491-494 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid extraction ; Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ; Liquid/solid traps ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are recovered from a soil with a high carbon content (ca. 50%) with supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) as well as with conventional Soxhlet extraction. The influence of temperature and modifier volume on SFE efficiency and the effect of a combined liquid/solid trap for analyte collection are investigated in this study. Such traps, which make analyte collection and clean-up possible in one step, are compared with conventional analyte collection in pure organic solvents. A comparison between reproducibility and efficiency of SFE and Soxhlet extraction is presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The intact ion yields of phosphotyrosine, phosphothreonine and mono- and diphosphoserine residue-containing peptides have been compared with the non-phosphorylated sequences using plasma desorption mass spectrometry. Equimolar mixtures of the phosphorylated (MP) and non-phosphorylated peptides (M) were also analysed. The positive mass spectra of these mixtures show a higher intensity of the [M + H]+ compared with the [MP + H]+. In the negative mass spectrum, the bias towards the [M - H]- compared with the [MP - H]- was reduced, but the spectra generally did not accurately reflect the stoichiometry.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 27 (1992), S. 1148-1150 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 616 (1992), S. 141-144 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Crystal structure ; Synthesis ; Thermolysis, Lanthanides ; Ternary ammonium nitrates ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis, Structure, and Thermolysis of the (NH4)3[M2(NO3)9] (M = La—Gd)The ternary ammonium nitrates (NH4)3[M2(NO3)9] (M = La-Gd) are obtained as single crystals from a solution of the respective sesquioxides in a melt of NH4NO3 and sublimation of the excess NH4NO3. In the crystal structure of (NH4)3[Pr2(NO3)9] (cubic, P4332, Z = 4, a = 1 377.0(1) pm, R = 0.038, Rw = 0.023) Pr3+ is surrounded by six bidentate nitrate ligands of which three are bridging to neighbouring Pr3+ ions. This results in a branched folded chain, held together by the NH4+ ions which occupy cavities in the structure. (NH4)3[Pr2(NO3)9] is the first intermediate product of the thermal decomposition of (NH4)2[Pr(NO3)5(H2O)2] · 2H2O.
    Notes: Die ternären Ammoniumnitrate (NH4)3[M2(NO3)9] (M = La—Gd) erhält man in Form von Einkristallen durch Auflösen der entsprechenden Sesquioxide in einer Schmelze von NH4NO3 und Entfernen des Überschusses durch Sublimation. Die Strukturanalyse am Beispiel von (NH4)3[Pr2(NO3)9] (kubisch, P4332, Z = 4; a = 1377,0(1) pm; R = 0,038; Rw = 0,023) zeigt, daß Pr3+ von sechs zweizähnigen Nitratliganden umgeben ist, von denen drei jeweils zu einem weiteren Pr3+-Ion verbrücken. Dadurch entsteht eine verzweigte, gefaltete Kette. Sie wird durch NH4+-Ionen zusammengehalten, die sich in Hohlräumen befinden. (NH4)3[Pr2(NO3)9] stellt die erste Stufe beim thermischen Abbau von (NH4)2[Pr(NO3)9(H2O)2] · 2H2O dar.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 513-516 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Synthesis ; Crystal Structure ; Lanthanides ; Ternary Lithium Nitrates ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Structure of the First Anhydrous Ternary Lithium Nitrates of the Lanthanides, Li2[M(NO3)5] (M = La, Pr—Eu).Single crystals of the ternary lithium nitrates of the lanthanides, Li2[M(NO3)5] (M = La, Pr—Eu), are obtained by dissolving the respective anhydrous nitrate, previously obtained by dehydration of M(NO3)3 · 6 H2O at 180°C under vacuum, in a melt of LiNO3. In the crystal structure of Li2[Pr(NO3)5] (orthorhombic, Pnnm, Z = 4, a = 899.6(2), b = 1 052.7(2), c = 1 178.6(2)pm; R = 0.072, Rw = 0.034) there are two crystallographically different Pr3+ ions, each surrounded by six bidentate nitrate ligands. One nitrate group is bridging between Pr1 and Pr2 resulting in a winded chain, ∞1[(O2/2NO2/1)Pr1(NO3)4(O2/2NO2/1)Pr2(O2/2NO2/1)(NO3)4]5-, running along [010]. The chains are packed hexagonally and held together by lithium ions. The coordination polyhydron of Li+ may be described as a bicapped trigonal prism.
    Notes: Einkristalle der ternären Nitrate der Lanthanide vom Typ Li2[M(NO3)5] (M = La, Pr—Eu) erhält man durch Auflösen der zuvor bei 180°C unter Vakuum entwässerten Hydrate M(NO3)3 · 6 H2O in einer Lithiumnitrat-Schmelze. Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse am Beispiel von Li2[Pr(NO3)5] (orthorhombisch, Pnnm, Z = 4; a = 899,6(2); b = 1 052,7(2); c = 1 178,6(2)pm; R = 0,072; Rw = 0,034) zeigt, daß zwei kristallographisch verschiedene Pr3+ vorliegen, die von jeweils sechs zweizähnigen Nitratliganden umgeben sind. Eine Nitratgruppe verbrückt zwischen Pr1 und Pr2, so daß sich eine gewundene Kette gemäß ∞1[(O2/2NO2/1)Pr1(NO3)4(O2/2NO2/1)Pr2(O2/2NO2/1)(NO3)4]5- ergibt, die längs [010] verläuft. Die Kettenstränge sind gemäß einer hexagonalen Stabpackung angeordnet und werden durch Li+-Ionen zusammengehalten. Die Koordination um Li+ kann als zweifach bekapptes trigonales Prisma beschrieben werden.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Heterodinuclear Cyclooctatetraene Complexes ; Synthesis ; Crystal Structure ; ESR Spectrum ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Kooperative Wirkung in π-Ligand-verbrückten Zweikernkomplexen. XII. Gemischtkernige elektronenarme μ-Cyclooctatetraen-Zweikernkomplexe mit CrFe-und CrCo-KombinationenDie synfacialen gemischtkernigen μ-Cot-Zweikernkomplexe [(CpCr)(CpM)]μ-Cot (M = Fe, 3; M = Co, 4) (Cp = Cyclopentadienyl; Cot = Cyclooctatetraen) werden in thermischen Reaktionen aus der einkernigen Sandwichverbindung CpCr(n6-Cot) und CpMLn [M = Fe, Ln = Benzol (Bz); M = Co, Ln = (C2H4)2] gebildet. 3 besitzt zwei ungepaarte Elektronen, während 4 mit nur einem ungepaarten Elektron SSR-ak-tiv ist. Aufgrund der Molekülstruktur von 3 und den ESR-Daten von 4 kann gefolgert werden, daß die ungepaarten Elektronen dieser Produkte hauptsächlich auf den Cr-Zentren lokalisiert sind. Daraus ergibt sich eine enge elektronische Verwandtschaft zwischen den hetero-dinuklearen Verbindungen 3 und 4 und den einkernigen Sandwichverbindungen Chromocen beziehungsweise CpCrBz.
    Notes: The synfacial heterodinuclear μ-Cot complexes (Cot = cyclooctatetraene) [(CpCr) (CpM)]μ-Cot (Cp = cyclopentadienyl; M = Fe, 3; M = Co, 4) are formed in a thermal reaction of the mononuclear mixed sandwich compound CpCr(n6-Cot) and CpMLn [M = Fe, Ln = benzene (Bz); M = Co, Ln = (C2H4)2]. 3 possesses two unpaired electrons whereas 4 has only one unpaired electron and is ESR active. From the molecular structure of 3 and from the ESR data of 4 it can be deduced that the unpaired electrons are localized at the Cr centers predominantly forcing a close electronical relation between the heterodinuclear compounds 3 and 4 and the mononuclear sandwich complexes chromocene and CpCrBz, respectively.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 1462-1464 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Cesium Acetate ; Synthesis ; Crystal Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structure of Cesium Acetate, Cs(CH3COO).The crystal structure of cesium acetate, Cs(CH3COO), was determined from single crystal fourcirclediffractometer data: hexagonal crystal system, P6/m (No. 175), Z = 6, a = 1 488.0(2), c = 397.65(5) pm, Vm = 76.54(2) cm3/mol, R = 0.045, Rw = 0.030. The structure consists of flat layers of acetate anions parallel (001) that are separated by layers of cesium cations. There is a close relationship with the CaF2 type according to CsO2(CCH3): each cesium cation has eight oxygen atoms as nearest neighbours. They form a heavily distorted cube with trapezoidal basal faces. In contrast to CaF2, these polyhedra are linked via three faces and two edges to a three-dimensional network.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur von wasserfreiem Caesiumacetat, Cs(CH3COO), wurde anhand von Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten bestimmt: hexagonales Kristallsystem, P6/m (Nr. 175), Z = 6, a = 1 488,0(2), c = 397,65(5) pm, Vm = 76,54(2) cm3/mol, R = 0,045, Rw = 0,030. Die Struktur besteht aus ebenen Schichten von Acetationen parallel (001), die durch Caesium-Schichten separiert sind. Es besteht eine enge Verwandtschaft zum CaF2-Typ gemäß CsO2(CCH3): die Cs+-Ionen sind von 8 Sauerstoffatomen in Form eines stark verzerrten Würfels mit trapezoiden Grundflächen umgeben. Im Unterschied zu CaF2 sind die Würfel jedoch nur über drei gemeinsame Flächen und zwei Kanten zu einem dreidimensionalen Netzwerk verknüpft.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 2021-2030 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Cesium Praseodymium(III) Acetate ; Synthesis ; Crystal Structure ; Thermolysis ; Evolved gas analysis (EGA) ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cs2(H3O)Pr(CH3COO)6 and Cs2Pr(CH3COO)5: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Thermolysis. Analogous Acetates with Lanthanum through TerbiumSingle crystals of Cs2(H3O)Pr(CH3COO)6 are obtained as green plates from an acetic acid solution (≈50%) of Cs2CO3 and Pr(CH3COO)3 · 1,5 H2O. The crystal structure monoclinic, Cm, Z = 2, a = 1 540.4(4), b = 691.3(2), c = 1 221.5(4) pm, β = 104.60(5)°, Vm = 379.1(2) cm3/mol, R = 0.040, Rw = 0.035 was determined from four-circle-diffractometer data. The structure consists of monomeric Pr(CH3COO)3 units, in which Pr3+ is surrounded by nine oxygen atoms. These monomers are linked together to infinite layers parallel (001) by common acetate oxygen atoms with two „molecules“ of Cs(CH3COO). Together with an additional acetate ion coordinated to one of the Cs+ ions the composition of the layers is [Cs2Pr(CH3COO)6]-. Between these layers H3O+ is located for electroneutrality. Thermal decomposition of Cs2(H3O)Pr(CH3COO)6 was examined with thermoanalytical methods (TG/DTA with coupled gas analysis), Guinier-Simon technique and IR spectroscopy: beginning at 70°C the compound looses water and acetic acid. It decomposes topotactically to Cs2Pr(CH3COO)5. At 270°C this acetate decomposes to Cs2CO3 and Pr2O2CO3 which emits CO2 at 600°C form ing Pr2O3or PrO2-x Single crystals of Cs2Pr(CH3COO)5 were obtained from Pr(CH3COO)3, in molten Cs(CH3COO) at about 200°C. The crystal structure tetragonal, P43, Z = 4, a = 1 174,5(2), c = 1 480,5(3) pm, Vm = pin,307,5(1) cm3/mol, R = 0,061, Rw= 0,031 again consists of Pr(CH3COO)3, monomers where Pr3+ has 9 oxygen ligands in its first coordination sphere. They are linked together by two ”molecules“ of cesium acetate to infinite chains along [00l] around the 4, screw axis. There are also acetate bridges between these chains. Isotypic compounds Cs2(H3O)M(CH3COO)6 and Cs2M(CH3COO)5, and Cs2M(CH3COO)5with M = La—Tb, were obtained from acetic acid solutions or thermal decomposition and were characterized by X-ray Guinier techniques.
    Notes: Einkristalle von Cs2(H3O)Pr(CH3COO)6 wurden in Form grüner Plättchen aus stark essigsaurer Lösung (≈50%ig) von Cs2CO3 und Pr(CH3COO)3 · 1,5 H2O gezüchtet. Die Kristallstruktur monoklin, Cm, Z = 2, a = 1 540,4(4), b = 691,3(2), c = 1 221,5(4) pm, β = 104,60(5)°, Vm = 379,1(2) cm3/mol, R = 0,040, Rw = 0,035 wurde anhand von Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten bestimmt. In der Kristallstruktur liegen monomere Pr(CH3COO)3-Einheiten vor, in denen Pr3+ neunfach von Sauerstoff umgeben ist. Zwei „Moleküle“ Cs(CH3COO) verknüpfen diese Monomeren über Sauerstoffatome zu Schichten parallel (001). Dabei wird ein Cs+-Ion von einem weiteren Acetation koordiniert, so daß sich die Schichtzusammensetzung zu [Cs2Pr(CH3COO)6]- ergibt. Zwischen den Schichten befinden sich H3O+-Ionen zum Ladungsausgleich. Das thermische Verhalten von Cs2(H3O)Pr(CH3COO)6 wurde mittels TG/DTA mit simultaner Zersetzungsgasanalyse, Guinier-Simon-Technik und IR-Spektroskopie an den festen Thermolyseprodukten untersucht: Schon ab 70°C verliert Cs2(H3O)Pr(CH3COO)6 Wasser und Essigsäure und wird in topotaktischer Reaktion zu Cs2Pr(CH3COO)5 abgebaut. Die weitere Zersetzung beginnt bei ungefähr 270°C, wobei Cs2CO3 und wohl Pr2O2CO3 gebildet werden, das unter Abgabe von CO2 bei 600°C in Pr2O3 bzw. PrO2-x (je nach Reaktionsführung) übergeht. Einkristalle von Cs2Pr(CH3COO)5 wurden durch die Reaktion von Pr(CH3COO)3 mit geschmolzenem Cs(CH3COO) bei 200°C erhalten. Die Kristallstruktur tetragonal, Raumgruppe P43, Z = 4, a = 1 174,5(2), c = 1 480,5(3) pm, Vm = 307,5(1) cm3/mol, R = 0,061, Rw = 0,031 enthält ähnliche Monomere Pr(CH3COO)3 wie Cs2(H3O)Pr(CH3COO)6. Sie werden durch zwei „Moleküle“ Cs(CH3COO) verbunden, so daß unendliche Ketten in Form von Wendeln um die Schraubenachsen 43 entstehen, die aber auch in Richtung [100] und [010] über Acetationen verknüpft sind. Die jeweils isotypen Verbindungen Cs2(H3O)M(CH3COO)6 und Cs2M(CH3COO)5, M = La—Tb, wurden aus Lösung bzw. durch thermischen Abbau hergestellt und mittels Pulver-Röntgenmethoden charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 593 (1991), S. 185-192 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Calciumcarbide Chloride ; Synthesis ; Crystal Structure ; Allylenide Ion ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Calciumcarbide Chloride Containing a C34- Unit, Ca3Cl2C3Ca3Cl2C3 was prepared from calcium, CaCl2 and graphite in sealed tantalum capsules. Red, transparent crystals were obtained from heating the mixture to 900°C (for one day) and annealing afterwards at 780°C for three days. The compound forms a layered structure (Cmcm, Z = 4, a = 384.24(9) pm, b = 1340.7(3) pm, c = 1152.6(3) pm, R = RW = 0.036 for 481 independent intensities) with alternating stacks of double layers of Ca2+ and monolayers of Cl-. The double layers of calcium contain allylenide ions, C34-. The latter exhibit C2v symmetry, a bond angle (C—C—C) of 169.0(6)° and a C—C separation of 134.6(4) pm.
    Notes: Ca3Cl2C3 entsteht aus Calcium, CaCl2 und Graphit in verschweißten Tantal-Kapseln in Form roter, transparenter Kristalle durch Erhitzen des Reaktionsgemenges auf 900°C (1 Tag) und anschließendes dreitägiges Tempern bei 780°C. Die Verbindung kristallisiert in einer Schichtstruktur (Cmcm, Z = 4, a = 384,24(9) pm, b = 1 340,7(3) pm, c = 1 152,6(3) pm, R = RW = 0,036 für 481 unabhängige Intensitäten) mit einer alternierenden Anordnung von Doppelschichten aus Ca2+ und Schichten aus Cl-. In den Calcium-Doppelschichten liegen die Allylenidionen, C34-. Sie zeigen C2v-Symmetrie mit einem Bindungswinkel (C—C—C) von 169,0(6)° und dem C—C-Bindungsabstand von 134,6(4) pm.
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