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Imaging rheumatoid arthritis specifically with technetium 99m CD4-specific (T-helper lymphocytes) antibodies (1990)

Becker, W. ; Emmrich, F. ; Horneff, G. ; [et al.]

Springer

European journal of nuclear medicine 17 (1990), S. 156-159

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ISSN: 1619-7089

Keywords: Immunoscintigraphy ; Technetium 99m-labelled antibodies ; CD4-specific (T-lymphocyte) antibodies ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Localisation

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract CD4 expressing T-lymphocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, so the possibility of using radiolabelled CD4-specific antibodies to localise diseased joints was studied. Prospectively six patients with rheumatoid arthritis were investigated. Five of them received 200–300 μg of a 555 MBq technetium 99m CD4-specific antibody (MAX.16H5) and were examined with three phase bone scans. Max.16H5 (IgG1) was labelled according to the mercaptoethanol (Schwarz) method. Lymphocytes of one patient were isolated on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient and labelled with the antibody in vitro. Scans were performed 1.5 h, 4 and 24 h post injection in anterior and posterior views. In all patients, diseased joints could be clearly imaged at as early as 1.5 h. The localisation of the diseased joints correlated (P〈0.01) with the clinical signs, with the early methylene diphosphonate (MDP) scan (P 〉 0.01) and only weakly with the late bone scan (P 〉 0.05). According to these data we conclude that99mTc-labelled CD4-specific antibodies specifically image actively diseased joints in rheumatoid arthritis.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00811445

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A two-step enzymatic synthesis of dipeptides (1992)

Schwarz, A. ; Wandrey, C. ; Steinke, D. ; [et al.]

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39 (1992), S. 132-140

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ISSN: 0006-3592

Keywords: enzymatic synthesis ; continuous production ; anion-exchange ; peptide-amidase ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: A simple system is introduced to produce dipeptides continuously by enzyme catalyzed condensation of amino acid esters and amino acid amides. Synthesis of N-terminal free dipeptide-amides is achieved by means of carboxypeptidase Y. The peptide-amide is deamidated utilizing a newly isolated peptide-amide is deamidated utilizing a newly isolated peptide-amidase. Separation of substrates and products is accomplished by anion-exchange chromatography. Modeling of the reactions shows that the two reactions have to be carried out in a cascade of two reactors in order to prevent hydrolysis of the peptide by the carboxypeptidase. Continuous production of Kyotorphin (H-TyrArg-OH) with a space-time yield of 257 g/L · d shows the feasibility of this concept.

Additional Material: 9 Ill.