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  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • Catch-relaxing peptide (CARP)  (2)
  • Engineering General  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action and immunoreactivity of neuropeptides in the buccal neuromuscular system of a prosobranch mollusc, Rapana thomasiana (1991)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 264 (1991), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: FMRFamide ; Catch-relaxing peptide (CARP) ; Radula muscle ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rapana thomasiana (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a prosobranch mollusc, Rapana thomasiana, the catch-relaxing peptide H-Ala-Met-Pro-Met-Leu-Arg-Leu-NH2 (CARP) was found to depress the contraction of the radula protractor and retractor elicited by electrical stimulations. The action of CARP was in contrast to that of other neuropeptides, H-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRFamide) and H-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FLRFamide), which enhanced the contraction of the radula protractor and retractor, respectively. By immunohistochemical examinations, FMRFamide-like immunoreactive neurons were found on the rostral side of the right buccal ganglion and the caudal side of the left ganglion, where some CARP-like immunoreactive neurons were also distributed, indicating a possible coexistence of FMRFamide and CARP. FMRFamide- and CARP-like immunoreactivities were also detected in the neuropile of buccal ganglia, radula nerves arising from the ganglia, and nerve fibers in the radula muscles. The present results suggest that FMRFamide- and CARP-like peptides are involved in the regulation of the contraction of the radula muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305722
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuropeptides regulate the cardiac activity of a prosobranch mollusc, Rapana thomasiana (1992)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 269 (1992), S. 241-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: FMRFamide ; Catch-relaxing peptide (CARP) ; Heart beat ; Immunohistochemistry-Rapana thomasiana (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Involvement of neuropeptides in the regulation of cardiac activity in a prosobranch mollusc, Rapana thomasiana, was studied physiologically as well as immunohistochemically. A catch-relaxing peptide (CARP) showed strong inhibitory effects on the heart with a lower threshold than acetylcholine. The action of CARP was in contrast to that of another neuropeptide, FMRFamide, which has previously been shown to enhance the heart beat. Benzoquinonium blocked the effects of acetylcholine and stimulation of right cardiac nerves 1 and 3b, but not those of CARP, suggesting that the effects of nerve stimulation are mainly due to the release of acetylcholine. Immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated that FMRFamide-like and CARP-like immunoreactive neurons are distributed in the visceral ganglia. Although a neuron appeared to show weak immunoreactivity to both antisera, evidence for the coexistence of peptides in a single neuron was not exhibited. Positive immunoreactivity to FMRFamide and CARP antisera also appeared in right cardiac nerves 1 and 3. In the heart, FMRFamide- and CARP-like immunoreactive fibers were restricted to the atrium and the aortic end of the ventricle, consistent with the morphological observation of innervation. The present results suggest that FMRFamide- and CARP-like peptides are involved in regulating the heart beat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319615
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical comparison of momentum interpolation methods and pressure - velocity algorithms using non-staggered grids (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Applied Numerical Methods 7 (1991), S. 173-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0748-8025
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite-volume calculations of laminar separated flow around a fence are presented using a non-staggered grid system. Using the pressure-weighted interpolation method (PWIM), the role of the under-relaxation factor in this method has been studied. The performance of two pressure-velocity coupling algorithms, viz. SIMPLE and PISO, have been compared as well as the solution fields obtained using non-staggered and staggered grids. A detailed study has been conducted to investigate the occurrence of physically unrealistic convective velocities in the solution fields.The numerical results show that solutions obtained using non-staggered grids are as accurate as those obtained using staggered grids. The presence of very small under/overshoots in the estimated convective fluxes is related to the simultaneous presence of high Péclét numbers and rapidly varying pressure gradients. However, for the complex separated flow investigated, no induced errors were detected in the solution field.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1630070302
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of several open boundary numerical treatments for laminar recirculating flows (1993)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 16 (1993), S. 403-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Outflow boundary conditions ; Laminar recirculating flows ; Non-staggered grid systems ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Several open boundary conditions (OBCs) are compared and evaluated in the framework of the SIMPLE algorithm using staggered and non-staggered grid systems. The benchmark laminar flow test cases used for the OBC evaluation are Poiseuille-Benard flow in a channel and stratified backward-facing step flow. The investigated OBCs are linear explicit step space extrapolation, Orlanski's monochromatic wave, and pressure extrapolation. Orlanski's and pressure extrapolation open boundary treatment for unsteady and steady flows, respectively, yield little reflection and has proved to be adequate for engineering calculations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650160505
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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