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Somatosensory evoked potential correlates of psychophysical magnitude estimations for air-puff stimulation of the face in man (1992)

Hashimoto, I. ; Gatayama, T. ; Yoshikawa, K. ; [et al.]

Springer

Experimental brain research 88 (1992), S. 639-644

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ISSN: 1432-1106

Keywords: Tactile air-puff stimulation ; Face ; Stimulus intensity ; Somatosensory evoked potentials ; Psycho-physical magnitude estimations ; Mechanical properties of the skin ; Human

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary Air-puff stimuli were applied to the skin of the face to obtain psychophysical and neurophysiological responses. Six levels of stimulus intensity above threshold were adopted for numerical magnitude estimation and for recording somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). A power function with an exponent of 0.71 provided an adequate description of the magnitude estimation values as a function of stimulus intensity, as was verified by the high correlation coefficient (r=0.86, P 〈 0.001). Six SEP components (N15, P20, N30, P40, N50 and P65) were recorded during the 100 ms following stimulation. Stimulus-amplitude functions of the various SEP components were well represented by power functions. The P20-N30 component had the highest power exponent (0.66) and also the highest correlation coefficient (r=0.55, P 〈 0.001). The SEP latencies as a function of stimulus intensity had negative power functions. The latency function of the P20 component had the largest negative power exponent (-0.10) and showed the highest negative correlation (r = — 0.62) with the stimulus intensity. These results suggest that processing of intensity information occurs at a relatively early stage within the central nervous system, and that both the amplitude and latency information encoded in the SEPs may contribute to stimulus processing.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228192

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Rheological properties of blends of lithium- or sodium-sulfonated polystyrene ionomers with polyamide 6 (1994)

Yoshikawa, K. ; Molnár, A. ; Eisenberg, A.

Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 1056-1064

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ISSN: 0032-3888

Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics

Notes: Dynamic viscoelastic properties of blends of alkali metal salts of sulfonated polystyrene ionomers with polyamide 6 were investigated in the melt. The blends of lithium-sulfonated polystyrene (10 mol% sulfonation) with polyamide 6 (LiSPS/PA-6) behaved as a homogeneous viscoelastic fluid over most of the blend composition range, since blending with PA-6 disrupted the ionic network of the LiSPS. Specific interactions between the lithium sulfonate group and the amide group are believed to be responsible for the behavior. By contrast, blends of sodium-sulfonated polystyrene with PA-6 (NaSPS/PA-6) showed typical behavior of immiscible systems in that they exhibited large positive deviations from the log-additivity rule for complex viscosity. This implied that sodium sulfonate groups did not interact strongly with amide groups, in contrast to the behavior of lithium sulfonates. Oldroyd's emulsion model was applied to the results of dynamic viscoelasticity studies of both the immiscible ionomer/PA-6 blends and the polystyrene/PA-6 blends. For the latter, the fit was much better than for the former. This difference in behavior might be due to partial miscibility or to the presence of an indistinct phase boundary in the “immiscible” ionomer-based systems.

Additional Material: 10 Ill.