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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Height and glucose tolerance in adult subjects (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 531-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; impaired glucose tolerance ; glucose tolerance ; oral glucose tolerance test ; epidemiology ; height ; body mass index ; waist/hip ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a prospective study concerning the pathogenesis of impaired glucose tolerance and Type 2 (non-insulindependent) diabetes mellitus, 346 subjects with no clinical history of diabetes were given a standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. The expected positive associations between 120-min plasma glucose concentration and age and body mass index were observed in both sexes and between 120-min plasma glucose and waist/hip ratio in male subjects. An unexpected negative correlation was found between 120-min plasma glucose and height in both sexes (r = − 0.23, (95% confidence interval, − 0.38− − 0.07) p〈0.007 for male subjects and r = − 0.24, (− 0.37− − 0.11) p〈0.006 for female subjects). These negative associations with height remained significant after controlling for age and body mass index in male subjects but not in female subjects. In the latter a highly significant negative relationship of height with age was recorded (r = − 0.33, (− 0.45− − 0.20) p〈0.0001). Comparison between individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and control subjects matched for sex, age and body mass index showed that subjects with impaired glucose tolerance are significantly shorter. Mean (± SEM) height in the male subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (n = 29) was 173.4 ± 1.1 cm vs 176.9 ± 1.3 cm in control subjects, p = 0.02. In the female subjects(n = 39)mean(±SEM)height was 159.4±1.0 cm vs 162.4±1.0 cm in control subjects, p = 0.02. The negative relationship between height and glucose tolerance is a new epidemiological observation which has not been previously reported. One possible reason for this is that the most commonly used anthropometric index, body mass index, eliminates height as an independent analytical variable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403292
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetal growth and insulin secretion in adult life (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 592-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: NIDDM ; insulin secretion ; fetal growth ; programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent studies suggest that NIDDM is linked with reduced fetal and infant growth. Observations on malnourished infants and studies of experimental animals exposed to protein energy or protein deficiency in fetal or early neonatal life suggest that the basis of this link could lie in the detrimental effects of poor early nutrition on the development of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. To test this hypothesis we have measured insulin secretion following an IVGTT in a sample of 82 normoglycaemic and 23 glucose intolerant subjects who were born in Preston, England, and whose birthweight and body size had been recorded at birth. The subjects with impaired glucose tolerance had lower first phase insulin secretion than the normoglycaemic subjects (mean plasma insulin concentrations 3 min after intravenous glucose 416 vs 564 pmol/l, p=0.04). Insulin secretion was higher in men than women (601 vs 457 pmol/l, P=0.02) and correlated with fasting insulin level (p=0.04). However, there was no relationship between insulin secretion and the measurements of prenatal growth in either the normoglycaemic or glucose intolerant subjects. These results argue against a major role for defective insulin secretion as a cause of glucose intolerance in adults who were growth retarded in pre-natal life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403378
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetal growth and impaired glucose tolerance in men and women (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 225-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Impaired glucose tolerance ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; fetal growth ; ponderal index at birth ; placental weight to birthweight ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A follow-up study was carried out to determine whether reduced fetal growth is associated with the development of impaired glucose tolerance in men and women aged 50 years. Standard oral glucose tolerance tests were carried out on 140 men and 126 women born in Preston (Lancashire, UK) between 1935 and 1943, whose size at birth had been measured in detail. Those subjects found to have impaired glucose tolerance or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had lower birthweight, a smaller head circumference and were thinner at birth. They also had a higher ratio of placental weight to birthweight. The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes fell from 27% in subjects who weighed 2.50 kg (5.5 pounds) or less at birth to 6% in those who weighed more than 3.41 kg (7.5 pounds) (p 〈 0.002 after adjusting for body mass index). Plasma glucose concentrations taken at 2-h in the glucose tolerance test fell progressively as birthweight increased (p 〈 0.004), as did 2-h plasma insulin concentrations (p 〈 0.001). The trends with birthweight were independent of duration of gestation and must therefore be related to reduced rates of fetal growth. These findings confirm the association between impaired glucose tolerance in adult life and low birthweight previously reported in Hertfordshire (UK), and demonstrate it in women as well as men. It is suggested that the association reflects the long-term effects of reduced growth of the endocrine pancreas and other tissues in utero. This may be a consequence of maternal undernutrition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399954
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of chemical modification of amino and sulfhydryl groups on KATP channel function and sulfonylurea binding in CRI-G1 insulin-secreting cells (1994)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 139 (1994), S. 167-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: KATP channels ; Chemical modification ; Sulfhydryl group ; Basic amino acids ; Pancreatic β-cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of several group-specific chemical reagents were examined upon the activity of the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel in the CRI-G1 insulin-secreting cell line. Agents which interact with the sulfhydryl moiety (including 1 mM N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), 1 mM 5,5′-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DNTB) and 1 mm o-iodobenzoate) produced an irreversible inhibition of KATP channel activity when applied to the intracellular surface of excised inside-out patches. This inhibition was substantially reduced when attempts were made to eliminate Mg2+ from the intracellular compartment. ATP 50 μm and 100 μm tolbutamide were each shown to protect against the effects of these reagents. The membrane impermeable DNTB was significantly less effective when applied to the external surface of outside-out patches. Agents which interact with peptide terminal amine groups and ɛ amino groups of lysine [1 mm methyl acetimidate and 1 mm trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)] and also the guanido group of arginine (1 mm methyl glyoxal) produced a Mg2+-dependent irreversible inhibition of KATP channel activity which could be prevented by ATP but not tolbutamide. The irreversible activation of the KATP channel produced by the proteolytic enzyme trypsin was prevented only when methyl glyoxal and methyl acetimidate were used in combination to inhibit channel activity. Radioligand binding studies showed that the binding of 3H glibenclamide was unaffected by any of the above agents with the exception of TNBS which completely inhibited binding with a EC50 of 307 ±6 μm. These results provide evidence for the presence of essential sulfhydryl (possibly cysteine), and basic amino acid (possibly lysine and arginine) residues associated with the normal functioning of the KATP channel. Furthermore, we believe that the sulfhydryl group in question is situated at the internal surface of the membrane, possibly near to the channel pore.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232621
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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