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  • 1990-1994  (11)
  • Chemistry  (10)
  • General Chemistry  (3)
  • Engineering
  • thermal conductivity
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene and sodium styrene sulfonate (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 171-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: latex ; sulfonate functional groups ; poly(styrene-sodium styrene sulfonate) ; emulsion copolymerization ; emulsifier-free ; enhanced gel effect ; ion association ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of the emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene and sodium styrene sulfonate have been examined over a range of comonomer compositions. The rate of polymerization was found to increase dramatically in the presence of small amounts of sodium styrene sulfonate. This increase is attributed to the increased number of particles formed when sodium styrene sulfonate was present and to a gel effect enhanced by ion association. At low concentrations of functional comonomer, where a monodisperse product was obtained, a homogeneous nucleation mechanism of particle generation is proposed. At higher concentrations, broader and then bimodal size distributions were obtained, and this is ascribed to significant aqueous phase polymerization of sodium styrene sulfonate. The water-soluble homopolymer is supposed to act as a locus of polymerization. The occurrence of this aqueous phase side reaction and the generation of secondary particles makes impossible the preparation of highly sulfonated polystyrene latexes by batch or seeded batch emulsion copolymerization.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300201
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improvement in stability of oxygen microprobe (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 35 (1990), S. 850-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260350814
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction mechanisms of polyacrylonitrile on thermal treatment (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1452-1457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A high-temperature radical scavenger, 2,2-diphenyl-l-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), has been used to study the reaction mechanisms of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) on thermal treatment. The effect of DPPH on the cyclization reaction of PAN in both air and nitrogen, investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), helped to verify the proposed reaction mechanisms, i.e., the free radical and the ionic ones. For PAN homopolymer, the peak temperature of the reaction exotherm shifted to higher temperatures and the heat of reaction was decreased with increasing DPPH concentration. For PAN copolymer with methylacrylate and itaconic acid, however, the effects of DPPH on DSC thermograms were insignificant. The effects of IPPH suggest that the reaction of the nitrile groups proceeds by free radicals for the homopolymer while by ions for the copolymer. The activation energies for the thermal reactions of PAN in both air and nitrogen were also estimated by the dynamic DSC method, and they proved to be highly dependent on reaction mechanism, environment of thermal treatment, and DPPH concentration.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760332203
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of o-phenyl phenol on the dyeing of an acrylic fiber with basic dyes (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 1647-1652 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The equilibrium uptake of o-phenyl phenol onto Courtelle S at 98°C was found to follow a Nernst adsorption mechanism, indicating that uptake arises by virtue of hydrophobic interaction as well as ion-dipole, dipole-dipole, and dipole-induced dipole forces operating between the fiber and the nonionic carrier. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to demonstrate the plasticizing action of the carrier on Courtelle S yarn. A linear relationship was obtained between the extent of plasticization, as measured by reduction in Tg of the fiber, and concentration of carrier applied to the fiber with the maximum extent of plasticization, showing a close correspondence to the aqueous solubility of o-phenyl phenol at 98°C, the temperature at which the fiber was treated with the carrier. The relationship between the extent of enhancement of uptake of C. I. Basic Green 4 and C. I. Basic Red 13 onto Courtelle S yarn at 98°C and concentration of the carrier in the dyebath was also examined: The concentration of o-phenyl phenol that gave maximum enhancement of dye uptake coincided with the aqueous solubility of the carrier at 98°C. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070490917
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toughening of SMA copolymers with an SAN-grafted rubber (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 40 (1990), S. 183-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Styrene/maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymers were toughened by blending with a styrene/acrylonitrile (SAN) grafted rubber. The AN content of the SAN graft was fixed at 22.5% and the MA content of the SMA matrix was varied from 8 to 25%. The maximum impact strength was observed for blends based on SMA copolymers containing 14-17% MA (depending on the rubber content). These compositions are near the boundary of miscibility between the SMA matrix and SAN graft since miscibility of SMA and SAN occurs when the MA and AN contents are about the same in each Dilatational processes were shown to be the major mechanism of defor-mation for these blends. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe fracture surfaces as the miscibility between SMA and SAN or as the rubber content was changed. Toughening of miscible SMA/SAN matrices by this impact modifier was also examined. The results are discussed in terms of a variety of possible contributing factors including the coupling of the rubber to the matrix via miscibility of the latter with the SAN graft.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070400115
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of phase separation on the mechanical properties of polystyrene/poly(vinyl methyl ether) blends (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 981-987 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects of phase separation temperature and time on the tensile, dynamic mechanical, and tear properties of blends of polystyrene and poly(vinyl methyl ether) were investigated after phase separation above their respective cloud points with specified temperature-annealing time protocols. The results are analyzed in terms of the phase connectivity, interfacial adhesion, and changes in the glass transition temperature.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760311308
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comonomer enhancement effect of 1-hexene in ethylene copolymerization catalyzed over MgCl2/THF/TiCl4 catalysts (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 48 (1993), S. 721-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Homo- and copolymerization of ethylene were performed by using a catalyst system composed of TiCl4/THF/MgCl2 complex activated with AlEt3 at 70°C and 3 atm. To investigate the effect of the compositional difference of the catalyst on the rates of homo- and copolymerization and on the reactivity in ethylene-hexene copolymerization, a series of six catalysts with different compositions (Mg/Ti = 0.4-16.5) were prepared by coprecipitation. The catalytic activity in ethylene polymerization increased sharply with the Mg/Ti ratio from 21 (Mg/Ti = 0.4) to 1477 kg PE/g-Ti h (Mg/Ti = 16.5). The activity in copolymerization with 1-hexene also increased with Mg/Ti ratio. The values of r1 were 120, regardless of Mg/Ti ratios within the experimental error range. Enhancement of the polymerization rate by the addition of 1-hexene in the reaction medium was observed only for the catalysts of low Mg/Ti ratio. This unusual effect of 1-hexene on the polymerization rate was explained by chemical and physical processes that occurred during polymerization. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070480414
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A finite element formulation with stabilization matrix for geometrically non-linear shells (1992)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 33 (1992), S. 1703-1720 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An assumed strain finite element formulation with a stabilization matrix is developed for analysis of geometrically non-linear problems of isotropic and laminated composite shells. The present formulation utilizes the degenerate solid shell concept and assumes an independent strain as well as displacement. The assumed independent strain field is divided into a lower order part and a higher order part. Subsequently, the lower order part is set equal to the displacement-dependent strain evaluated at the lower order integration points and the remaining higher order part leads to a stabilization matrix. The strains and the determinant of the Jacobian matrix are assumed to vary linearly in the thickness direction. This assumption allows analytical integration through thickness, independent of the number of plies. A nine-node element with a judiciously chosen set of higher order assumed strain field is developed. Numerical tests involving isotropic and composite shells undergoing large deflections demonstrate the validity of the present formulation.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620330810
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Totalsynthese von ( + )-2′S,3′R-ZoapatanolDiese Arbeit wurde durch das General Medical Science Institute der National Institutes of Health (NIH) unterstützt. Wir danken für Stipendien an P.D.G. (NIH), H. G. (Alexander-von-Humboldt-Stiftung), J. H. K. (Pfizer) und N. G. (Harkness Foundation) sowie Dr. Stefan Scheiblich, der einige der frühen Versuche durchführte. Die Massenspektren wurden an der von der Division of Research Resources geförderten Massenspektrometrie-Abteilung der University of California in San Francisco aufgenommen. (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 106 (1994), S. 2296-2298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19941062122
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Katalytische Hydrolyse von Acrylnitril zu Acrylamid unter milden BedingungenDiese Arbeit wurde vom National Science and Engineering Research Council (Canada) gefördert. (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 580-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19901020530
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