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  • 1990-1994  (3)
  • MRI  (2)
  • Gestational diabetes  (1)
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1990-1994  (3)
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 507-510 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Gestational diabetes ; islet cell antibodies ; insulin autoantibodies
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Diabetes mellitus is a frequent transient or rare permanent complication of pregnancy. The role of autoimmune phenomena in this gestational form of diabetes is incompletely understood. We have examined sera from 312 pregnant women who had abnormal glucose tolerance (based on a screening examination during the second trimester) for the presence of islet cell surface antibodies or insulin autoantibodies. Fifty-eight of these women were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining subjects, 144 (57.1%) had gestational diabetes diagnosed by formal glucose tolerance testing and the others (42.9%) were normal. Sixty percent of the women with gestational diabetes eventually required insulin to control their blood glucose during pregnancy. One serum from the non-diabetic women was positive for insulin antibodies (0.9%);8 of the sera from the patients with gestational diabetes were positive (5.6%). Subsequent analysis revealed that all nine of the women whose sera were positive for insulin autoantibodies had been treated with insulin previously. Islet cell surface antibodies were strongly correlated with gestational diabetes. Forty-five of 144 gestational diabetic sera were positive (31.3%) whereas only 9 of 108 suspect control sera (8.3%) and 7 of 60 unknown sera (11.7%) were positive. These data suggest that a high percentage of pregnant women who screen positive for glucose intolerance have serological evidence of an autoimmune response against the pancreatic islets, in spite of the state of relative immune tolerance during pregnancy. These data suggest that autoimmune phenomena may play a role in gestational diabetes and that the presence of islet cell antibodies can predict insulin-requiring gestational diabetes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): MRI ; Brain ; Turbo spin-echo (TSE) ; Fast spin-echo (FSE) ; Proton-density contrast ; Rapid imaging
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequences compared to a conventional dual-echo spin-echo (SE) sequence in routine brain MRI at 1.0 T. The following demands were made on TSE sequences: acquisition time-reduction of at least 50% and true proton density (PD) contrast (lowsignal cerebrospinal fluid). A conventional spin-echo and two single-echo TSE sequences were used in 150 patients, a dual-echo TSE sequence in addition in 50 patients. Demonstration of most anatomical structures and disorders was equivalent with TSE and SE sequences. Advantages of TSE were reduced flow artefacts on T2-weighted images, better lesion contrast on PD-weighted TSE images (especially in the dual-echosequence) and acquisition time reduction to about 5 min (single-echo TSE) and 3∶35 min (dual-echo TSE). Disadvantages of TSE were: reduced contrast of tron-containing substances such as heamosiderin and of areas of calcification. By virtue of the shorter acquisition time and diagnostic reliability dual-echo TSE proved the best sequence. If it is used with only one acquisition-whereby image quality but not diagnostic reliability is slightly decreased — acquisition time can be further reduced to 1∶48 min. Application of a susceptibility-sensitive gradient-echo sequence, such as FLASH, compensates for the disadvantages mentioned above.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Magnetic resonance materials in physics, biology and medicine 2 (1994), S. 51-59 
    ISSN: 1352-8661
    Schlagwort(e): MRI ; brain ; FSE ; fast spin-echo sequences ; TSE ; turbo spin-echo sequences ; signal behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Fast SE imaging provides considerable measure time reduction, high signal-to-noise ratios as well as similar contrast behavior compared to conventional SE sequences. Besides TR and TEeff, echo train length (ETL), interecho time τ, andκ-space trajectory determine image contrast and image quality in fast SE sequences. “True” proton density contrast (CSF hypointense) and not too strong T2 contrast are essential requirements in routine brain MRI. A Turbo SE sequence with very short echo train length (ETL=3), short TEeff and short interecho time (17 ms), and TR=2000 ms was selected for proton density contrast; a Turbo SE sequence with ETL=7, TEeff=90 ms, τ=22 ms, and TR=3250 ms was selected for T2-weighted images. Using both single-echo Turbo SE sequences yielded 50% measure time reduction compared to the conventional SE technique. Conventional SE and optimized Turbo SE sequences were compared in 150 patients resulting in very similar signal and contrast behavior. Furthermore, reduced flow artifacts in proton density—and especially in T2-weighted Turbo SE images—and better contrast of high-intensity lesions in proton density-weighted Turbo SE images were found. Slightly reduced edge sharpness—mainly in T2-weighted Turbo SE images—did not reduce diagnostic reliability. Differences between conventional and Turbo SE images concerning image contrast and quality are explained regarding special features of fast SE technique.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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