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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hla-associated male susceptibility to thyroid autoantibody production in a selected population
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 20 (1984), S. 1647 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-4731
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-4731(84)90975-0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    True proton density and T2-weighted turbo spin-echo sequences for routine MRI of the brain (1994)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 36 (1994), S. 591-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: MRI ; Brain ; Turbo spin-echo (TSE) ; Fast spin-echo (FSE) ; Proton-density contrast ; Rapid imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequences compared to a conventional dual-echo spin-echo (SE) sequence in routine brain MRI at 1.0 T. The following demands were made on TSE sequences: acquisition time-reduction of at least 50% and true proton density (PD) contrast (lowsignal cerebrospinal fluid). A conventional spin-echo and two single-echo TSE sequences were used in 150 patients, a dual-echo TSE sequence in addition in 50 patients. Demonstration of most anatomical structures and disorders was equivalent with TSE and SE sequences. Advantages of TSE were reduced flow artefacts on T2-weighted images, better lesion contrast on PD-weighted TSE images (especially in the dual-echosequence) and acquisition time reduction to about 5 min (single-echo TSE) and 3∶35 min (dual-echo TSE). Disadvantages of TSE were: reduced contrast of tron-containing substances such as heamosiderin and of areas of calcification. By virtue of the shorter acquisition time and diagnostic reliability dual-echo TSE proved the best sequence. If it is used with only one acquisition-whereby image quality but not diagnostic reliability is slightly decreased — acquisition time can be further reduced to 1∶48 min. Application of a susceptibility-sensitive gradient-echo sequence, such as FLASH, compensates for the disadvantages mentioned above.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00600415
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A T1-weighted rapid three-dimensional gradient-echo technique (MP-RAGE) in preoperative MRI of intracranial tumours (1996)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 38 (1996), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pulse sequences ; 3 D ; Intracranial tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our purpose was to determine the value of a T1-weighted rapid three-dimensional gradient-echo technique in preoperative MRI of brain tumours. We examined 30 patients with intracranial tumours who underwent neurosurgery, using T1-weighted magnetisation-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE) and axial T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) sequences, both before and after contrast medium (Gd-DTPA). Signal and contrast behaviour of anatomical and pathological structures were assessed with regions-of-interest (ROI) and visual inspection. Imaging results were compared with operative results. In 5 cases tumours and anatomical structures were segmented in MP-RAGE data sets. The MP-RAGE sequence considerably improved delineation of grey and white matter and small anatomical structures (vessels, cranial nerves), and significantly reduced flow artefacts. Contrast behaviour of tumours was similar with both techniques. Correlation of imaging with the operative results confirmed the reliability of the MP-RAGE sequence. Segmentation of MP-RAGE data sets allows three-dimensional display, which enables one to document the relevant information on a few images in selected cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00596528
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MR angiography of the supra-aortic arteries using a dedicated head and neck coil: image quality and assessment of stenoses (1997)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 39 (1997), S. 763-771 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Magnetic resonance angiography ; Arteries ; supra-aortic ; Artery carotid ; Pulse sequences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our purpose was to evaluate a dedicated head and neck coil for demonstration of supra-aortic arteries with optimised magnetic resonance angiography techniques. We performed 47 examinations with a 1.5-T system. We used coronal 3D fast imaging with steady precession (FISP), axial 3D tilted optimised nonsaturating excitation (TONE) and 2D fast low-angle shot (FLASH) for the carotid bifurcation, axial 3D TONE with or without magnetisation transfer (MT) for intracranial arteries, and axial 3D FISP or TONE for the aortic arch. Evaluation included visual assessment of image quality and grading of stenoses near the carotid bifurcation; digital subtraction angiography was used as the reference method. Axial 3D TONE gave superior image quality at the carotid bifurcation, MT-TONE intracranially, and 3D FISP for the aortic arch vessels. Nevertheless, sensitivity and specificity for detection of significant stenoses were similar with coronal 3D FISP (96.3 %, 94.0 %), axial 3D TONE (92.6 %, 92.5 %) and axial 2D FLASH (96.3 %, 86.6 %). Image quality at the aortic arch needs further improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050502
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the mouse: further evidence for involvement of an anti-B cell cytotoxic cellular auto-immune response (1987)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 30 (1987), S. 232-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin-dependent diabetes ; cellular immunity ; mouse ; streptozotocin ; auto-immunity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Anti-B cell auto-immunity may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes in mice resulting from multiple subdiabetogenic doses of the pancreatic B cell toxin, streptozotocin. In the present study we have investigated the cytotoxic anti-B cell response in these mice. A major role for B lymphocytes, macrophages, or their products in the cytotoxic response originally detected in vitro was eliminated by passing splenocytes from the mice treated with multiple subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin over a nylon wool column. The removal of the adherent cells enhanced the cytotoxicity against a rat insulinoma cell line in vitro by that expected due to enrichment of T-lymphocytes by approximately twofold. The induction of diabetes after multiple subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin is strain dependent. Mice of five strains were immunized with rat insulinoma cells, but only splenocytes from the two strains susceptible to multiple subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin demonstrated a significant cytotoxic response against the rat insulinoma cells in vitro. Mice pre-immunized with either the rat insulinoma cells or with syngeneic islets labelled in vitro with the hapten trinitrophenol developed hyperglycaemia more rapidly than control mice after multiple subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin. In the latter experiment the control mice immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant alone also became hyperglycaemic after a modified multiple subdiabetogenic dose of streptozotocin that did not cause diabetes in non-immunized mice. In mice pre-treated with either adjuvant or cyclophosphamide and then given a modified multiple subdiabetogenic dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg × 5 rather than 40 mg/ kg) the degree of hyperglycaemia was reduced and there was no protective effect of cyclophosphamide. However, the mice pre-treated with adjuvant again developed hyperglycaemia more rapidly and to a much higher level than did the mice given multiple subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin only. These additional data further support the hypothesis that B-cell destruction after multiple subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin results from triggering of an immune response against these insulin-producing cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00270421
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gestational diabetes mellitus: evidence for autoimmunity against the pancreatic Beta cells (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 507-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Gestational diabetes ; islet cell antibodies ; insulin autoantibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diabetes mellitus is a frequent transient or rare permanent complication of pregnancy. The role of autoimmune phenomena in this gestational form of diabetes is incompletely understood. We have examined sera from 312 pregnant women who had abnormal glucose tolerance (based on a screening examination during the second trimester) for the presence of islet cell surface antibodies or insulin autoantibodies. Fifty-eight of these women were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining subjects, 144 (57.1%) had gestational diabetes diagnosed by formal glucose tolerance testing and the others (42.9%) were normal. Sixty percent of the women with gestational diabetes eventually required insulin to control their blood glucose during pregnancy. One serum from the non-diabetic women was positive for insulin antibodies (0.9%);8 of the sera from the patients with gestational diabetes were positive (5.6%). Subsequent analysis revealed that all nine of the women whose sera were positive for insulin autoantibodies had been treated with insulin previously. Islet cell surface antibodies were strongly correlated with gestational diabetes. Forty-five of 144 gestational diabetic sera were positive (31.3%) whereas only 9 of 108 suspect control sera (8.3%) and 7 of 60 unknown sera (11.7%) were positive. These data suggest that a high percentage of pregnant women who screen positive for glucose intolerance have serological evidence of an autoimmune response against the pancreatic islets, in spite of the state of relative immune tolerance during pregnancy. These data suggest that autoimmune phenomena may play a role in gestational diabetes and that the presence of islet cell antibodies can predict insulin-requiring gestational diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403287
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Congenital rubella syndrome as a model for Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: increased prevalence of islet cell surface antibodies (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 27 (1984), S. 87-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 diabetes ; congenital rubella ; islet cell surface antibodies ; viral trigger
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An increased prevalence of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes has been reported in patients with congenital rubella. Rubella virus multiplies in the pancreas, and we have hypothesized that studies of children with congenital rubella would be of great importance in following the development of Type 1 diabetes in a defined, susceptible population. Two hundred and forty-one children with congenital rubella (mean age 17.4±0.3 years; 65% black and hispanic) have been evaluated, 30 of whom already have diabetes and 17 of whom have borderline glucose tolerance. In these latter two groups, HLA-DR3 is significantly increased and HLA-DR2 significantly decreased. Pancreatic islet cell cytotoxic surface antibodies are found in 20% of the total congenital rubella population, including in more than 50% in the time period before they develop diabetes and are not related to any specific HLA type. In addition, anti-microsomal and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies are found in 34% of this population. The data demonstrate that Type 1 diabetes developing in congenital rubella patients has the genetic and immunological features of classical Type 1 diabetes, namely the presence of HLA-DR3, the absence of HLA-DR2, islet cell surface antibodies before decompensation and an increased prevalence of anti-thyroid antibodies. Patients with non-diabetic congenital rubella represent an easily identifiable group in whom other immunological factors associated with Type 1 diabetes can be elucidated and possibly modified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275655
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-islet autoantibodies detected by monoclonal antibody 1A2: further studies suggesting a role in the pathogenesis of IDDM (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 1365-1371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Islet cell ; antigen ; autoimmunity ; autoantibody.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is associated with autoantibodies to several pancreatic islet antigens. We have described an assay in which autoantibodies displace a radiolabelled monoclonal anti-islet antibody. Sera from 87 % of 429 children at time of diagnosis of IDDM were positive, while sera from control groups had much lower prevalences (1.3–19 %). Sera from 41.9 % of diabetic subjects remained positive after 20 years duration of IDDM. Sera from 23.6 % of parents and 37.9 % of non-diabetic siblings were positive. Twenty relatives who subsequently developed IDDM had the same prevalence of the antibodies (85 %) as did the patients at time of diagnosis. These findings confirm that the autoantibodies detected by monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1A2 are common at the onset of IDDM and their presence prior to the onset of hyperglycaemia suggests that this method may be useful in screening non-diabetic populations. The high prevalence of antibodies in relatives reduces the efficacy for diabetes prediction, but suggests either that generation of these antibodies is an autosomal dominant trait, or that the antigen detected by these antibodies is cross-reactive with a common environmental antigen. Differentiation between these hypotheses will await the identification of the specific islet-cell antigen detected by mAb 1A2. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 1365–1371]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050584
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dedicated phased-array coil for peripheral MRA (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 1745-1749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Contrast-enhanced MRA ; Coils ; Peripheral arteries ; Peripheral arteriosclerotic occlusive disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In this paper we introduce a phased-array coil dedicated for MRA of peripheral arteries which covers the upper and lower legs. The structure of this coil includes a solid cabinet with four flexible wings forming a “T.” The flexibility of the wings allows adaptation to the individual leg size. There are eight circularly polarized channels, four on each side. This coil is compatible with other surface coils. For MRA of peripheral arteries, it is combined with the body phased-array coil and the spine array coil which cover the lower abdomen and the pelvis. We examined six patients using this coil combination. The image quality, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of these examinations were compared with that of peripheral MRA examinations obtained with the body resonator. Image quality with the array coil was considerably improved in comparison with the body resonator examinations. The SNR and CNR increased approximately 100 %. The handling of this coil was very quick and simple, similar to the procedure with other surface coils. The use of dedicated phased-array coils for peripheral MRA may be an important step toward the establishment of MR digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as a non-invasive alternative to intra-arterial DSA in the visualization of peripheral arteries. Its potential has to be evaluated in future studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300000486
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbo spin-echo sequences in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain: Physics and applications (1994)
    Springer
    Magnetic resonance materials in physics, biology and medicine 2 (1994), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1352-8661
    Keywords: MRI ; brain ; FSE ; fast spin-echo sequences ; TSE ; turbo spin-echo sequences ; signal behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fast SE imaging provides considerable measure time reduction, high signal-to-noise ratios as well as similar contrast behavior compared to conventional SE sequences. Besides TR and TEeff, echo train length (ETL), interecho time τ, andκ-space trajectory determine image contrast and image quality in fast SE sequences. “True” proton density contrast (CSF hypointense) and not too strong T2 contrast are essential requirements in routine brain MRI. A Turbo SE sequence with very short echo train length (ETL=3), short TEeff and short interecho time (17 ms), and TR=2000 ms was selected for proton density contrast; a Turbo SE sequence with ETL=7, TEeff=90 ms, τ=22 ms, and TR=3250 ms was selected for T2-weighted images. Using both single-echo Turbo SE sequences yielded 50% measure time reduction compared to the conventional SE technique. Conventional SE and optimized Turbo SE sequences were compared in 150 patients resulting in very similar signal and contrast behavior. Furthermore, reduced flow artifacts in proton density—and especially in T2-weighted Turbo SE images—and better contrast of high-intensity lesions in proton density-weighted Turbo SE images were found. Slightly reduced edge sharpness—mainly in T2-weighted Turbo SE images—did not reduce diagnostic reliability. Differences between conventional and Turbo SE images concerning image contrast and quality are explained regarding special features of fast SE technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709800
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