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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrothermal AAS determination of bismuth, antimony and tin in high-purity WO3 (1991)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 339 (1991), S. 871-873 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Four methods for the bulk trace determination of Bi, Sb and Sn in WO3 were developed and tested. In all cases, the final determination is carried out by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The limits of detection range from 1 μg/g for a very fast and simple method to 50 ng/g for a method comprising a trace-matrix separation by sorption and complexation on activated carbon powder loaded with TMDTC. A way of preparation of standard reference WO3-samples doped with varying amounts of Bi, Sb and Sn traces is also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321667
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of X-ray fluorescence analysis with total-reflection (TXRF) in material science (1992)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 343 (1992), S. 760-764 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A device was constructed to determine elements of low atomic number by non-destructive TXRF analysis. It consists of a Cr-X-ray tube, an optimized reflection unit, a detector with an extremely thin entrance window, a low noise amplifier, and a sample changer. To minimize the absorption losses, the main parts are placed in a vacuum chamber with a very thin Be window. Using this arrangement it is possible to measure elements down to oxygen from the pg- to the ng-range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00633561
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of aromatic sulfonic acids in industrial waste water by ion-pair chromatography (1994)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 348 (1994), S. 674-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A method for the identification and quantification of aromatic sulfonic acids in industrial waste water has been developed. The preparation of the samples comprises a clean-up step and an enrichment step, utilizing i) reversed-phase extraction and ii) ion-pair solid phase extraction. The aromatic sulfonic acids are separated by ion-pair chromatography with diode-array detection. An advantage of the developed ion-pair chromatographic method is the separation of linear alkylbenzenesulfonic acids (LAS), lignosulfonic acids and aromatic sulfonic acids in one chromatographic run. Also described is an optimized clean-up procedure for collected fractions of a preparative chromatographic run to identify monosulfonic acids with GC/MS after methylation. The detection limits for aromatic sulfonic acids in industrial waste waters are at the μg/l level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00325571
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of freezing of aqueous samples on the Fe(II)/Fe(III) equilibrium (1994)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 349 (1994), S. 334-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of freezing of aqueous samples on the Fe(II)/Fe(III) equilibrium has been investigated by ion chromatography. No change has been observed in the pH-range 2–5, irrespective of the freezing temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323213
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iron in atmospheric aqueous and particulate samples (1994)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 350 (1994), S. 34-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Preliminary results are summarized from experiments in which the chemical species of Fe have been determined in atmospheric aqueous and particulate samples. Filtration, ultrafiltration, ion chromatography, extraction, and Mössbauer spectrometry have been used for their characterization. In nearly all experiments the values scattered broadly and this effect is discussed in terms of responsible parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326249
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultratrace analysis of uranium and thorium in glass (1994)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 349 (1994), S. 412-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract It is today a most common phenomenon that ultratrace analyses for quality control have to be carried out in industrial laboratories far from optimum conditions and in spite of the lack of best suited equipment. It was against this setting that the development of a method for the photometric determination of uranium- and thorium-traces in glasses with arsenazo III was envisaged. The method basically consists of a digestion with HF/HClO4/H3BO3, an extractive preseparation of interfering Ti- and Zr-traces with TTFA/hexanol/CCl4, an extractive separation of U- and Th-traces with TTFA/TBP/toluene and a final determination of thorium alone (in the presence of photometrically inactive U(VI)) and the sum of Th+U(IV) with arsenazo III. The concentration of uranium is calculated from the difference of the sum of both traces minus the thorium content. Uranium can be determined with nearly the same sensitivity as thorium after reduction to uranium(IV). The most suitable reducing agent for uranium(VI) to uranium(IV) is a mixture of Na2S2O4/CH2O. An optimization of the arsenazo III concentration for the determination of thorium and uranium yielded an optimal concentration of 80 mg/L arsenazo III: For the reduction of uranium concentrations of 2 g/L of Na2S2O4 and 3.2 g/L CH2O proved to be optimal. Interferences of this photometric end determination by titanium, zirconium and scandium were investigated quantitatively. The permissible excess for these elements was found to be so low that a trace-trace separation method proved to be necessary. Separation methods were checked for the separation of the matrix components of the investigated glasses from thorium and uranium. One of these methods was suitable after optimization: thorium and uranium are extracted with TTFA/TBP/toluene from a solution containing hydrochloric acid. Back-extraction is carried out with HCl/KMnO4. For the separation of titanium- and zirconium-cotraces an extra separation method had to be developed: they are extracted with TTFA/hexanol/CCl4 before the separation of uranium- and thorium-traces from the matrix. The glasses were digested with HF/HX. Fluoride from the hydrofluoric acid is incompletely removed by evaporation and interferes with the extraction of uranium and thorium due to complex formation. Depending on the digestion variant used 162 to 0.23 mg F− remain in the residue of the digestion of a 5 g sample. This interference was eliminated by a digestion with HF/HClO4/H3BO3 and masking of residual fluoride with AlCl3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00322925
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of tantalum by ICP-AES involving trace-matrix separation (1991)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 341 (1991), S. 550-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A trace-matrix separation technique for the analysis of high-purity tantalum by ICP-AES has been developed to overcome the difficulties caused by the line-richness of this matrix. The procedure is based on the extraction of tantalum with diantipyrylmethane from 12 mol/l HF in dichloroethane. The extraction behaviour of 35 elements has been investigated from which 25 can quantitatively be separated with a residual matrix concentration 〈0.01% at 1 g sample portion. The achievable limits of detection for ICP-AES are between 0.02 μg/g and 10 μg/g. The method was applied to the analysis of a high-purity tantalum sample. For a number of elements, the results of this technique are compared with those of other techniques whereby, in general, a good agreement was achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328494
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of low-Z elements by TXRF (1992)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 342 (1992), S. 191-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321721
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultratrace analysis of uranium and thorium in glass (1994)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 348 (1994), S. 356-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three methods of determination for uranium and thorium traces and ultratraces in glass were developed: a simple and powerful ICP-MS method exhibiting limits of determination in the one ng/g-range; a complex method with end-determination by classical photometry and a limit of determination for U and Th of 20 ng/g; and a method with chelate-complex formation for U and Th and subsequent GC-detection with a 63Ni-ECD with limits of determination in the μg/g-range. These methods are critically compared and tested for real type samples of special glasses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323135
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die muttekopfgosau (Lechtaler Alpen, Tirol/Österreich): Sedimentologie und Beckenentwicklung (1994)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 83 (1994), S. 197-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Gosau ; Oberkreide ; alpine Orogenese synorogene Dehnung ; Beckenbildung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In the Eastern Alps compression during orogeny in the Upper Cretaceous caused crustal thickening, isostatic uplift and gravitational adjustment of the unstable orogenic wedge. This process triggered extensional basin formation on the back of the orogen (Gosau Basins). The basin fill of the Muttekopf Gosau Basin is arranged in megacycles, the first one comprising alluvial fan sediments and “Inoceramus marls” of the Lower Gosau Complex (Faupl et al. 1987) of Santonian age. Three other cycles follow (Upper Gosau Complex, Campanian to Maastrichtian), consisting of turbiditic fining upward sequences, that are indicative for extensional tectonics during basin formation, as subsidence events prevent formation of autocyclic coarsening upward sequences and therefore prograding of the turbidite system. Deposition of the 1st and 2nd Megacycle occured below the CCD (Carbonate Compensation Depth). The carbonate rich 3rd Megacycle was deposited probably below the CCD after a period of palaeogeographic reorganisation (uplift?) in the source area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211903
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