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  • 1990-1994  (2)
  • Naloxone  (1)
  • Reduviidae  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggression and risk assessment during predatory interactions between first-instarSinea diadema (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 7 (1994), S. 297-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Reduviidae ; intraspecific interactions ; cannibalism ; predation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The behaviors exhibited by first-instarSinea diadema (F.) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) during intraspecific interactions are described. Five distinct behaviors were characterized: posturing, striking, stalking, stridulating, and beaking. Distinct bouts of grappling were also noted. Interactions between unfed 2-day-old nymphs, unfed 3-day-old nymphs, and unfed 5-day-old nymphs were recorded and analyzed. The behavior of the nymphs changed with the duration of food deprivation. As the period of food deprivation increased from 2 to 5 days, the frequency of posturing decreased as the frequency of beaking increased. During noncannibalistic interactions, posturing or striking by one nymph was most frequently followed by posturing by the other nymph. In contrast, during cannibalistic interactions, posturing or striking was usually followed by beaking. The incidence of grappling increased with the duration of food deprivation. Moreover, grappling always preceded cannibalism. Although first instars were capable of capturing and killing conspecifics of the same age, cannibalism occurred only after 4 days of food deprivation. These results suggest that a decision-making process is involved. During interactions the nymphs can assess the vulnerability of the opponent. Whereas recently emerged nymphs usually forego the risk of attacking conspecifics, the attacks made by nymphs deprived of food are more persistent despite the danger of predation by their opponent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01989737
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yohimbine co-treatment during chronic morphine administration attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal without diminishing tail-flick analgesia in rats (1991)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 103 (1991), S. 407-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Yohimbine ; Morphine ; Naloxone ; Withdrawal ; Tail flick latency ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Noradrenergic neuronal hyperactivity following chronic morphine administration has been postulated to cause withdrawal signs and symptoms. Suppression of this hyperactivity, for example, by clonidine attenuates withdrawal. It might follow, therefore, that the prevention of suppression of noradrenergic systems during chronic morphine administration might diminish hyperactivity and prevent withdrawal. If the normalization of noradrenergic activity during opioid administration did not also suppress analgesia, it might be of medical and theoretical interest. To test this hypothesis, we gave the alpha-2-antagonist yohimbine to rats in order to increase noradrenergic activity during morphine treatment and then subsequently precipitated morphine withdrawal with naloxone. Six groups were examined: saline controls (N=11), morphine (N=11), morphine + 2.0 mg/kg/day yohimbine (N=15), morphine + 3.0 mg/kg/day yohimbine (N=5), 2.0 mg/kg/day yohimbine (N=11) and 3.0 mg/kg/day yohimbine (N=5). Subjects received 75 mg morphine pellets implanted on day 1,4 and 6 of the treatment or sham implantation. Yohimbine was delivered throughout the morphine treatment by subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps. On day 7, all subjects were given 1.0 mg/kg naloxone and rated for behavioral signs of withdrawal. Analgesia was measured by observing tail flick latencies (TFL) before and after chronic drug treatments. Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal was characterized by irritability, ptosis, penile erection, diarrhea, rhinorrhea, abnormal posture, wetdog shakes, jumping, and teeth chattering, none of which were observed in groups receiving only saline or yohimbine. Withdrawal behavior was attenuated in a dose-dependent manner when yohimbine was administered during morphine treatment but analgesia was not attenuated. It appears that yohimbine-induced antagonism of alpha-2-adrenergic receptors diminishes the development of the potential for adrenergic hyperactivity and morphine withdrawal without reducing opioid analgesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244297
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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