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Formation of aluminum nitride films on GaAs(110) at room temperature by reactive molecular-beam epitaxy: X-ray and soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (1990)

Baier, H.-U. ; Mönch, W.

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 586-590

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: AlxN1−x films were prepared on GaAs(110) surfaces at room temperature by simultaneous evaporation of aluminum and exposure to a beam of ammonia molecules (reactive molecular-beam epitaxy). The formation of aluminum nitride was followed by using photoemission spectroscopy excited with ZrMζ radiation (hν=151.2 eV). The composition of the deposited films was monitored by recording the N(1s) and Al(2p) core lines excited with MgKα radiation (hν=1253.6 eV). The intensity ratio of these core levels as a function of impinging rate ratio z=ν(NH3)/ν(Al) was compared with the intensity ratio determined with an AlN standard under the same experimental conditions. Aluminum nitride was found to form at room temperature for z values larger than some 104.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346811

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Ill-posed problems in structural optimization and their practical consequences (1994)

Baier, H.

Springer

Structural and multidisciplinary optimization 7 (1994), S. 184-190

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ISSN: 1615-1488

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: Abstract Structural optimization problems may be ill-posed or weakly conditioned. Different causes of such ill-conditioning are investigated, which can arise, for example, from the problem statement itself and its probable strong nonconvexity, or the interaction of the optimization algorithm with the discretized physical model. These effects could cause undesirable or incorrect solutions or no meaningful solutions at all. Thus ill-posed or ill-conditioned problems must be treated and assessed carefully. Some approaches to dealing with such problems and possible consequences for the optimal designs are discussed.