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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of enprofylline in acute airway obstruction (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 46 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The efficacy and safety of different regiments of intravenously administered enprofylline, an anti-asthma xanthine, were evaluated in a randomized open study, including 155 patients with acute exacerbation of obstructive long disease. The regimen 2.5 mg/kg i.v over 10 min was canceled after seven patients had been included, due to tow cases of hypotensive/vasovagal reactions. The regimens 2.0 mg/kg/20 min and 2.5 mg/kg/20 min were significantly more effective with regard to bronchodilation than 2.0 mg/kg/10 min (PEF Increase +35%+ 30% and +17% respectively). Nausea and headache were the most common side effects (16–33% and 23–33% of the patients respectively on different regimens) with the lowest frequency on 2.0 mg/kg/20 min Four additional hypotensive reactions occurred: one on each 2.0 mg/kg regimen and two on 2.5 mg/kg/20 min. The regimen 2.0 mg/kg/20 min was found to be the most favourable with regard to efficacy and side effects. Enprofylline i.v. was found to be an effective bronchodilating treatment of acute airway obstruction but the frequency of side effects has to be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00541.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-reported obstructive airway symptoms are common in young cross-country skiers (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 4 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: The reported high use of anti-asthmatic drugs in cross-country skiers prompted a study to assess the prevalence of self-reported asthma, asthma-associated symptoms and the use of anti-asthmatic medication among cross-country skiers. A self-administered questionnaire based on the Medical Research Council questionnaire was answered by cross-country skiers in the Swedish national ski team, in upper secondary school ski-classes and in the Swedish army (n=305). Controls (n=141) were pupils from regular classes in the same upper secondary schools. Skiers more often gave posi- tive answers to all questions on asthma and asthma-associated symptoms. The cumulative prevalence of asthma was 15% in skiers and 6% in controls. We conclude that the common use of anti-asthmatic drugs among cross-country skiers reflects a high prevalence of self-reported asthma and asthma-associated symptoms. The causes of these differences are un-known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1994.tb00414.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional distribution and in vivo binding of the atypical antipsychotic drug remoxipride. A biochemical and autoradiographic analysis in the rat brain (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 87 (1992), S. 49-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Remoxipride ; dopamine ; drug distribution ; rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The regional brain distribution and binding of the antipsychotic benzamide drug remoxipride was studied in the male rat. After i.v. injections of3 H-remoxipride (1 μmol · kg−1) more than 85% of the radioactivity was identified as authentic remoxipride in brain by using reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Autoradiographic and spectroscopic analysis showed that3 H-remoxipride was distributed relatively even in different brain areas, with exception of the following structures, which showed highest drug concentrations: the choroid plexus, septum, medial part of the caudate nucleus, different areas of the thalamus and hypothalamus situated close to the cerebral ventricles. A closer analysis of the autoradiograms showed a gradient of radioactivity extending from the cerebral ventricles to the deeper parts of the brain at 30 minutes after injections. After 60 minutes radioactivity was detected throughout all forebrain dopamine receptive areas. These findings suggest that remoxipride enters the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via the vascular bed of the choroid plexus and that it enters the brain interstitial fluid from the CSF. In the caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle and olfactory bulb 30–40% of the radioactivity was reduced by pretreatment with the dopamine D-2 selective drug raclopride. In addition, small, but significant, reductions (10–15%) of3H-remoxipride derived radioactivity was found in the neocortex, hippocampus and the cerebellum, suggesting that remoxipride interacts with a D-2 receptor also in these cortical structures. Taken together, these studies show that after i.v. injections,3H-remoxipride enters the brain primarily in unmetabolized form when given in doses that affect DA receptor mediated behaviours, that it distributes to most areas throughout the neuraxis and that it binds to D-2 receptors in different parts of the basal ganglia, neocortex, hippocampus and cerebellum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01253110
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prescription monitoring of drug dosages in the county of Jämtland and Sweden as a whole in 1976, 1982 and 1985 (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 329-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prescription monitoring ; drug dosage ; Sweden ; Jämtland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Prescribed doses of drugs for which individualisation of dosage is deemed necessary were recorded from one national and one local Swedish prescription monitoring study for the years 1976, 1982 and 1985. Dose patterns were analysed in order to determine whether the practice of individualising drug doses had become more widely adopted by physicians. Amongst drugs eliminated primarily by metabolism, (propranolol and amitriptyline were prescribed in highly variable doses (30-fold or more). The three commonest doses of these agents accounted for about 60% of the prescriptions. In general, doses decreased with increasing patient age. Prescribing practices for piroxicam differed markedly from those of propranolol and amitriptyline, with one fixed dose of piroxicam accounting for about 90% of all prescriptions. For drugs eliminated mainly by renal excretion (digoxin, cimetidine and atenolol) there was an 8–10-fold variation in the prescribed doses. The most frequent dose of these drugs accounted for 40–60% of the prescriptions. Doses of cimetidine and atenolol were lowered only in the oldest patients. The doses of digoxin decreased more evenly with increasing age, and were reduced in elderly patients on long-term maintenance therapy. The difference in digoxin dose between young and old patients increased during the study period. Prescription monitoring as a method for following-up drug usage may be instrumental in evaluating the effect of drug educational efforts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315570
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of drug use in a defined population (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 39 (1990), S. 207-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: drug use ; defined daily dose (DDD) ; estimation of drug use ; prescription monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the accuracy of the DDD per 1000 inhabitants per unit time as an estimate of the fraction of drug users within a population, DDD figures have been compared with the proportion of apparent drug users, i.e. individuals in the population for who a prescriptions had been dispensed. An individual-based prescription monitoring project provided the necessary data for eight drugs representing continuous long-term medication, short-term medication and medication falling in between those two categories. For digoxin, the long-term drug, the number of DDD/1000 inhabitants/day was about 40% below the proportion of apparent drug users. The DDD figure for antibiotics ranged from 4% below to 28% above the apparent users, and for the remaining drugs it ranged from 17% below (bendroflumethiazide, 1982) to 80% below (naproxen, 1985). The DDD methodology is a valuable first step in overall drug use measurement, but for more precise estimates of drug use it must be supplemented by other techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315097
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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