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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial silicon growth conditions and kinetics in low-temperature ArF excimer laser photochemical-vapor deposition from disilane (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 1137-1148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Homoepitaxial Si films were deposited using an ArF excimer laser beam parallel to the substrate to photodissociate Si2H6 at low temperatures (250–350 °C) under laser intensity and Si2H6 partial pressure conditions that result in low initial photofragment concentrations (〈 1013 cm−3). Total pressure and flow conditions were chosen such that there is little secondary photolysis of the initial photofragments. The deposition yield of solid Si from photoexcited Si2H6 is estimated to be 0.20±0.04, indicating that in order for film growth to result solely from the primary products in ArF laser (193 nm) photolysis of Si2H6, a sticking coefficient ≥0.6 must be assigned to the dominant growth precursor. Growth rates vary linearly with laser intensity and Si2H6 partial pressure over a range of 1–15 mJ/cm2 pulse and 5–40 mTorr, respectively. Increasing the distance between the laser-beam axis and the silicon substrate results in a reduction of the growth rate that can be explained by gas-phase chemical reaction of the growth precursors as they diffuse to the substrate. Epitaxy is maintained for temperatures above the threshold for thermal decomposition of surface (SiH2)n chains at ∼250 °C, and for temperatures below the onset of Si2H6 pyrolysis and rapid thermal desorption of surface H2 at ∼350 °C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351791
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ArF excimer laser induced photolytic growth of Si homoepitaxial films from Si2H6 at 330 °C (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 514-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This letter discusses low-temperature Si homoepitaxy on Si(100) substrates by the photolytic decomposition of Si2H6 by the 193 nm emission of an ArF excimer laser. The chemical vapor deposition process at growth rates from 0.5–4 A(ring)/min is performed in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber which, along with an ex situ HF dip and a novel in situ hydrogen clean using laser excitation, results in minimization of oxygen and carbon contamination which inhibits Si epitaxy. The growth involves photolytic decomposition of Si2H6 and the generation and adsorption of SiH2 precursors on the hydrogenated Si surface, which is the rate limiting step. Very low defect density films in terms of stacking faults and dislocation loops (less than 106 cm−2), and excellent crystallinity have been grown at 330 °C and 0.5 W laser power, as confirmed by Schimmel etching and Nomarski microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction and in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104599
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The crystal structure of calcium succinate monohydrate (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 24 (1994), S. 437-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Ca(C4H4O4)·H2O ; pentagonal pyramid ; calcium succinate ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of calcium succinate monohydrate, Ca(C4H4O4)·H2O, has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are monoclinic witha=11.952(2),b=9.691(2),c=11.606(2)Å, β=108.81(1)°, space group C2/c,Z=8,V=1272.49 Å3,d m =1.80, andd c =1.818 Mg m−3. The structure was refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques toR=0.027,R w =0.040, for 829 reflections with1≥3δ(I). Ca is coordinated to seven oxygen atoms, and the coordination polyhedron is best described as a pentagonal bipyramid. One carboxylate group in the succinate ion is bonded to three different Ca ions, forming a four-membered chelate ring with one Ca ion is bonded to three different Ca ions, forming a four-membered chelate ring with one Ca ion and unidentate bridge bonds to two other Ca ions. The other carboxylate group is bonded to two Ca ions through unidentate bonds. The structure is highly polymeric. The general structural features are nearly identical to those of calcium adipate monohydrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01666091
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in the Arctic Ocean food web (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 22 (1992), S. 41-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated camphenes (PCCs) and isomers of DDT and DDE were the predominant organochlorine (OC) hydrocarbons measured in epontic particulate matter, zooplankton, pelagic and benthic amphipods and liver tissue from an abyssal fish collected in the Arctic Ocean. Chlordane, dieldrin and other cyclodienes and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers were present at lower concentrations. Levels on a dry weight basis in plankton of various sizes 〈63 μm to 2 mm were similar to those in epontic particulate matter, but on a lipid weight basis, concentrations in smaller plankton were two to five times higher. Organochlorines in amphipods and liver from the glacial eelpout Lycodes frigidus exceeded levels in zooplankton by up to an order of magnitude. Large benthic lysianassid amphipods (Tmetonyx cicada, Anonyx nugax and Eurythenes gryllus) accumulated higher concentrations on a dry and lipid weight basis than small species (Onisimus spp. and Andaniexis spp.) or the under-ice gammaridean amphipod (Gammarus wilkitzkii). No significant differences in OC levels were measured in benthic amphipods collected at different times. However, concentrations in large zooplankton (〉500 μm) collected in August, dominated by adult copepods and ctenophores, contained concentrations of α-HCH, chlordane isomers and other cyclodienes that were two to four times higher than levels in May. Ratios of α-HCH:γ-HCH (5 to 10) were similar to those in seawater collected simultaneously but there was no difference in ratios in various size categories of planktonic and benthic crustaceans indicating no selective accumulation or metabolic alteration of these isomers. Ratios of cis-chlordane:trans-chlordane concentrations were lower in all sizes of zooplankton (2 to 3) than in shelf amphipods (3 to 6) which corresponded to an increase in the ratio with depth. Higher ratios of DDT:DDE in plankton (2 to 6) than in amphipods (1 to 2) reflects the metabolism of DDT to the more stable DDE isomers in amphipods. Metabolites of trans-chlordane were also measured in plankton and benthic amphipods. Although some OCs are degraded or metabolically transformed, accumulation in lipid-rich tissues results in the highest total concentrations in long-lived large-bodied arctic marine organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213301
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Congenital absence of insulin cells in a neonate with diabetes mellitus and mutase-deficient methylmalonic acidaemia (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 352-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Congenital diabetes mellitus ; absence of beta cells ; methylmalonic acidaemia ; mutase deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report on a female neonate with diabetes mellitus and methylmalonic acidaemia, who died at age 16 days. Using immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy and in situ hybridisation, we were unable to demonstrate any insulin cells in the pancreatic islets. Methylmalonic acidaemia was caused by a methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase apoenzyme defect. The metabolic crisis of the methylmalonic acidaemia aggravated the diabetes and may explain the failure of insulin therapy. Our results suggest that the infant suffered from a congenital absence of beta cells associated with a genetically transmitted mutase apoenzyme defect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400240
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical diagnosis and outcome of 2 years treatment in a patient with combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 151 (1992), S. 818-820 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Methylmalonic aciduria ; Homocystinuria ; Biochemical diagnosis ; Treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a patient with methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria due to a defect in cobalamin metabolism of the Cbl-C type mutant (McKusick 277400). Our case was diagnosed within the first 2 months of life by amino acid analysis (ion-exchange chromatography) and by biochemical studies in cultured fibroblasts ([14C]propionate incorporation, methionine and serine formation). We discuss the clinical course and the biochemical evolution after 2 years of hydroxycobalamin treatment that led to an improvement in general clinical condition and neurological performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957932
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does maximal neural activation of muscle increase after resistance training? (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 66 (1993), S. 553-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00634310
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