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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of high-energy x-radiation using a plasma flow switch (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 1999-2007 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experiments with coaxial plasma guns at currents in excess of ten megamperes have resulted in the production of high-voltage pulses (0.5 MV) and hard x radiation (10–200 keV). The x-radiation pulse occurs substantially after the high-voltage pulse suggesting that high-energy electrons are generated by dynamic processes in a very high speed ((approximately-greater-than)106 m/s), magnetized plasma flow. Such flows, which result from acceleration of relatively low-density plasma (10−4 vs 1.0 kg/m3) by magnetic fields of 20–30 T, support high voltages by the back electromotive force-u×B during the opening switch phase of the plasma flow switch. A simple model of classical ion slowing down and subsequent heating of background electrons can explain spectral evidence of 30-keV electron temperatures in fully stripped aluminum plasma formed from plasma flows of 1–2 × 106 m/s. Similar modeling and spectral evidence indicates tungsten ion kinetic energies of 4.5 MeV and 46 keV electron temperatures of a highly stripped tungsten plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348773
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Avoiding aerosol sampling problems in fast response flame ionisation detectors (1991)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 10 (1991), S. 237-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Fast response flame ionisation detectors react to small combustible particles in the gas stream as well as to ionisable gases, producing unwanted large, short duration spikes in the output signal. During some wind tunnel dispersion modelling experiments, this problem arose due to sampling the atmospheric aerosol. An effective solution to the problem was found, which is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190394
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anin situ investigation of the tensile failure of oxide scales (1994)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 42 (1994), S. 431-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: acoustic emission ; oxide failure ; mechanisms ; iron oxide ; nickel oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A small four-point-bend jig has been used in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to monitor the tensile fracture processes in iron and nickel oxide scales in situ. The scales were 3–40 μm thick, the strain rate was 4×10−5 sec−1 and acoustic emission (AE) was used to correlate signals with specific cracking events. The technique provided detailed information of the failure processes, and several micrographs were taken as the crack pattern developed during testing. Failure started with short random through-scale cracks. These cracks soon formed a regular pattern. Spallation only occurred at much higher strains and resulted in very energetic AE signals. These signals were used together with the SEM observations to determine the strain to cause spallation. Measurements of the crack spacing as a function of strain showed that plastic stress relaxation by interfacial slip and/or substrate yielding processes affected cracking. Thus, the oxide remained attached to the substrate longer than would be expected from purely elastic behavior. An analysis based on the observed crack spacing at the onset of spallation gave ratios of 0.8–1.9 and ∼0.9 between tensile and interfacial strength for iron and nickel oxides scales, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01046759
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Points to be considered in thermogravimetry (1993)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 44 (1993), S. 345-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bei der Thermogravimetrie zu berücksichtigende HinweiseKontinuierliche Thermogravimetrie ist eine verbreitete Methode, um Werkstoffe in korrosiven Gasen bei hohen Temperaturen zu prüfen und um Kinetik und Mechanismen der Hochtemperaturkorrosion aufzuklären. Hier werden Empfehlungen zur Durchführung thermogravimetrischer Tests zusammengestellt, Hinweise gegeben betreffend Probengröße und -form, Oberflächenpräparation, Reaktionsrohr, Start des Experiments, besonders empfindliche Messungen und Gasströmung und -regelung. Die Veröffentlichung ist als Grundlage und Startpunkt für zu entwickelnde Richtlinien für die Hochtemperaturkorrosionsforschung gedacht.
    Notes: Continuous thermogravimetry is a common method to test materials in gaseous corrosive environments at high temperatures and to elucidate kinetics and mechanisms of high temperature corrosion. Recommendations how to conduct thermogravimetric tests are collected here, points to be considered including sample size and form, surface preparation, reaction chamber, starting procedure, sensitive measurements, gas supply and dosing. This study is meant as a starting foundation for establishing guidelines in high temperature corrosion research.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19930440805
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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