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  • 1990-1994  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-efficiency silicon solar cells by rapid thermal processing (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 2087-2089 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Silicon solar cell efficiencies of 16.9% have been achieved on 0.2 Ω cm float zone silicon, using a simplified cost effective rapid thermal process (RTP). Although the individual processing steps are not fully optimized yet, this represents the highest reported efficiency for solar cells processed with simultaneous front and back diffusion with no conventional high-temperature furnace steps. A diffusion temperature schedule coupled with an added short in situ slow cooling during RTP resulted in greater than 200 μm diffusion length and appropriate diffusion profiles for high efficiency cells. Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of SiN/SiO2 was used for surface passivation and antireflection coating. Conventional cells fabricated by furnace diffusions and oxidations gave an efficiency of 18.8%. Process optimization can further reduce the gap between the conventional and RTP/PECVD cells. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112801
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concerning the mechanism of reaction of lithium aluminum hydride with alkyl halides (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 56 (1991), S. 1596-1603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00004a047
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A numerical study of Richtmyer–Meshkov instability in continuously stratified fluids (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 344-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Theory and calculations are presented for the evolution of Richtmyer–Meshkov instability in two-dimensional continuously stratified fluid layers. The initial acceleration and subsequent instability of the fluid layer are induced by means of an impulsive pressure distribution. The subsequent dynamics of the fluid layer are then calculated numerically using the incompressible equations of motion. Initial conditions representing single-scale perturbations and multiple-scale random perturbations are considered. It is found that the growth rates for Richtmyer–Meshkov instability of stratified fluid layers are substantially lower than those predicted by Richtmyer for a sharp fluid interface with an equivalent jump in density. A frozen field approximation for the early-time dynamics of the instability is proposed, and shown to approximate the initial behavior of the layer over a time equivalent to the traversal of several layer thicknesses. It is observed that the nonlinear development of the instability results in the formation of plumes of penetrating fluid. Late in the process, the initial momentum deposited by the impulse is primarily used in the internal mixing of the layer rather than in the overall growth of the stratified layer. At intermediate times, some evidence for the existence of scaling behavior in the width of the mixing layer of the instability is observed for the multiple-scale random perturbations, but not for the single-scale perturbations. The time variation of the layer thickness differs from the scaling derived using ideas of self-similarity due to Barenblatt [Non-Linear Dynamics and Turbulence, edited by G. I. Barenblatt, G. Ioos, and D. D. Joseph (Pitman, Boston, 1983), p. 48] even at low Atwood ratio, presumably because of the inhomogeneity and anisotropy due to the excitation of vortical plumes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858859
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative determination of sotolon in wines by high-performance liquid chromatography (1993)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 37 (1993), S. 539-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Sotolon ; Vin jaune ; Flor-sherry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Sotolon (4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone) is a key flavour compound in the french flor-sherry “Vin jaune”. This compound was determined quantitatively by extraction of 25 ml of wine on a XAD-4 resin, elution with diethyl ether, separation by HPLC on a Lichrospher 100 Diol column, elution with dichloromethane/hexane (60/40) and UV detection at 232 nm. The amount of sotolon in “Vin jaune” (120 to 268 μg/l) was related to the development of the yeast film over a period of 6 years. Only 6 to 51 μg/l were found in the “Vin de paille” which is made with overmaturated grapes of the same Savagnin vine-plant but without development of yeasts, and 80 to 140 μg/l in “Tokai” which are partly grown under a yeast film.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02275793
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reanalysis of the neutron electric dipole moment in Higgs models of CP-violation (1990)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 47 (1990), S. 663-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We point out new contributions to the electric dipole moment of the neutron which arise in any model with spontaneous CP-violation. The effect is due to processes involving the exchange of a Higgs boson between the quarks constituting the neutron. In Weinberg's model, these new contributions are small compared to the single-quark contribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01552333
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fuzzy finite element analysis of a foundation on an elastic soil medium (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 17 (1993), S. 771-789 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: One of the important factors that lead to errors in settlement predicitions is the degree of precision in obtaining the soil parameters. Most mathematical methods for reliability modelling offered to date in the area of geomechanics are based on the classical probabilistic approach, in which soil properties are treated as random variables. In this paper, a model based on the theory of fuzzy sets is presented to take account of the uncertainty in the soil behaviour. This proposed method considers the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio as two fuzzy numbers in the elastic matrix. An example is given to show the possibility distributions of the displacements and the stresses at some locations in the soil medium. By means of a fuzzy inference scheme, the total possibility distributions or total membership functions of the finite element results may be obtained by considering the estimated error resulting from the mesh discretization.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610171103
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