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  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control ofAgrotis ypsilon (Hufn.) (Lep., Noctuidae) on some vegetable crops in Egypt using the microbial agentBacillus thuringiensis (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of pest science 63 (1990), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-4766
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirksamkeits-Schwelle desBac. thuringiensis-Präparats Dipel 2X betrug 250g/f(eddan). Eine Hinzugabe von CaSO4 oder CaO erhöhte die Wirkung von Dipel 2X auf die Raupen signifikant. Die Hinzugabe von CaCO3 und ZnSO4 zu Dipel 2X führte zu starker Reduzierung der Raupenpopulation und zu signifikanter Steigerung der Ernte bei einigen Gemüse-Arten. Dipel 2X-Köder in einer Dosierung von 250g/f waren fast so wirksam wie das chemische Insektizid Hostathion (1,5l/f). Die Bekämpfung der Raupen vonAgrotis ypsilon ist somit in biologischer Form mittels Gebrauchs von Dipel 2X-Ködern sehr gut möglich.
    Notes: Abstract The effective threshold rate of application of Dipel 2X was 250g/f. Incorporation of some chemical additives such as calcium sulphate (CaSO4) or calcium oxide (CaO) significantly potentiated the effectiveness of Dipel 2X on larval population. The addition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) to Dipel 2X greatly reduced the larval population and led to a significant increase in the yield of some vegetable crops. Dipel 2X baits at 250g/f were almost as effective as the chemical insecticide Hostathion when used at 1.5l/f in controllingA. ypsilon larvae attacking vegetable crops. Control of the greasy cutwormAgrotis ypsilon population was better achieved when the biological control agent Dipel 2X was used as baits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01903528
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity ofBacillus thuringiensis Berl. on the lesser cotton leafwormSpodoptera exigua Hbn. (Lep., Noctuidae) in corn and sunflower cultivations in Egypt (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of pest science 66 (1993), S. 29-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-4766
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusamenfassung Freilandanwendungen vonBacillus thuringiensis (Dipel 2X, 250 g/fed) gegen die Larven vonSpodoptera exigua bei Getreide und Sonnenblumen an zwei verschiedenen Orten in Ägypten zeigten 7 Tage danach einen Rückgang des Befalls an, Getreide bis auf 2,5% des Ausgangsbefalls und dadurch eine signifikant erhöhte Ernte. Das Carbamat Lannate (300 g/fed) führte zur vollständigen Vernichtung der Larven und zum größten Erntegewinn. Lannate, Dipel (250 g/fed) oder eine Mischung beider (je 150 g/fed) zeitigten hohe Mortalität der Larven, während Dipel allein (200 g/fed) nur eine geringe Wirkung hatte. Zehn
    Notes: Abstract Field applications usingBacillus thuringiensis (Dipel 2 X) againstSpodoptera exigua infesting corn and sunflower cultivations were carried out in two different localities in Egypt. The percentage of infested corn plants decreased to 2.5%, seven days after treatment with Dipel 2x, (250 g/fed) and the yield was significantly increased compared with untreated plots. The carbamate insecticide (Lannate) at 300 g/fed caused complete kill to the larvae and the highest yield was obtained. Application of Lannate, Dipel (250 g) or a combination of both (150 g/each/fed) caused a high reduction of the larvae existing in sunflower after seven days from application, while Dipel at 200 g/fed gave a lower effect. Ten days after application, the number of larvae and infested plants increased significantly in plots treated with Lannate alone, while plots treated with either Dipel (250 g) or Dipel combined with Lannate (150 g/each) still maintained a lower infestation. The estimated yield showed the highest increase in plots treated with Lannate followed by Dipel (250 g) and then a combination of both.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01909138
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field evaluation of the potency ofBacillus thuringiensis on lepidopterous insects infesting some field crops in Egypt (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of pest science 64 (1991), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-4766
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchungen ergaben, daßAgrotis ypsilon undSpodoptera littoralis an verschiedenen Feldfrüchten erfolgreich mitBacillus thuringiensis (Dipel 2X) als Köder oder Sprühmittel bekämpft werden können. Die Köder auf der Grundlage von 200–250 gBacillus/Feddan erzielten die besten Ergebnisse gegenA. ypsilon auf Kleefeldern, gefolgt von Kartoffel, Tomate und Baumwolle. Die Beimengung von chemischen Zusatzmitteln (anorganische Salze) zu denBacillus-Ködern erhöhte die Wirksamkeit beträchtlich. Daraus resultierte eine auffallende Steigerung der Klee-, Kartoffel- und Tomatenernte. Dabei war Kaliumoxid das wirksamste Zusatzmittel. Das Sprühen mit Dipel 2X erwies sich in Kleefeldern als ebenso wirksam wie die Anwendung des chemischen Pestizids Lannate.
    Notes: Abstract Agrotis ypsilon andSpodoptera littoralis can be successfully controlled on various field crops usingBacillus thuringiensis (Dipel 2X) baits and sprays. Baits based on the pathogen at 200–250 g/Feddan, scored the best efficacy againstA. ypsilon in clover fields followed by potato, tomato, and cotton cultivations. Addition of some chemical additives (inorganic salts) toB. thuringiensis bait formulations greatly enhanced its potency. This was associated with an obvious increase in the yield of clover, potato and tomato crops; calcium oxide showed to be highly afficient in this respect. Sprays of Dipel 2X were also found as affective as lannate in controllingS. littoralis on clover cultivations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01905879
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical copolymerization of 3-tri-n-butylstannylstyrene with several vinyl monomers (1990)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 28 (1990), S. 299-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The free radical homopolymerization and copolymerization of 3-tri-n-butylstannylstyrene (3-BTS) with styrene (ST), ethyl acrylate (EA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), vinyl acetate (VA), and acrylonitrile (AN) were carried out using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) at 60°C. It was found that the yield of conversion to poly(3-BTS) increased with the molar ratio of initiator to monomer as well as with polymerization time. The conversion at equilibrium after 50 h was about 40%. The compositions of copolymer samples were determined from elemental analyses. Monomer reactivity ratio and Q-e values were calculated. The copolymers of 3-BTS-MMA and 3-BTS-AN were found to be alternating. The copolymers of 3-BTS with MMA, EA and AN were not soluble in any of a large number of organic solvents tested. The insolubility is believed to be due to formation of intermolecular coordination among the tributylstannyl moiety and the carbonyl or cyano groups of the polymer. These copolymers, however, were “soluble” in trihaloacetic acid, but this solubility was due to a cleavage of the trialkyltin moiety from the phenyl groups. The glass temperatures, Tg, and melting temperatures Tm, of the various polymers were also studied.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1990.080280206
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative studies on the thermal stability of commercial poly(vinyl chloride) (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 2233-2235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal stability of a polymer is a characteristic function of its structure. In this study molecular weight measurements, differential thermal analysis, dehydrochlorination, and IR are the methods used to determine the thermal stability of commercial PVC products. The study was performed on Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC) products as well as established products for comparative purposes. The study showed comparable results for both types of products.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420813
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